Sacramental Character Essay

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4. Saint Augustine’s De Baptismo contra Donatistas A. The Donatist challenge: 1. The unity (existence) and catholicity of the Church is contingent on its prior holiness. 2. The sacraments belong to the Church. Where there is no Church, there are no sacra-ments. The synagogue of Satan (what we could call the Catholics) is sinful because of the apostasy of its leaders. Therefore, the orders of the Catholics have been invalidated, and baptisms performed by Catholic clergy are inefficacious. B. Augustine’s “ecclesiological” response (Books 1 and 3 in particular): 1. There is the true ‘Church’ and there is Christianity (|| Dominus Iesus and LG 8). Those who are baptized already share in Catholic unity in a sense (Lib. 1 cap. 1), and so to rebap-tize those who enter the true Church is in fact a repudiation of God’s work. Real baptism and real orders are found both in the true Church and among the heretics and schismatics. Outside the true Church, these sacraments are valid but have a diminished fruitfulness. 2. The reason baptism and orders are found both in the true Church and among heretics and schismatics is that their effects cannot be canceled, as is shown by the Church practice of reconciling without rebaptizing and reordaining those who apostasized. This shows that those who were ordained could act in accordance with the sacrament of orders while outside the Church, and thus, outside the Church there are real orders and real baptism (Augustine seems to presume initially that baptism is conferred only by clergy; towards the end of the work he proffers the opinion that anyone could administer baptism, but he also says that he would defer to the decision of a “plenary council” on the matter). 3. Nevertheless, the true Church can be compared to Paradise. While real baptism exists outside the Church, for those who are cognizant of the deficiency of not
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