Explain why in the years 1906 to 1911, Stolypin attempted to reform agriculture. (12 marks) Stolypin attempted to reform agriculture for many reasons, one of the most important being to strengthen tsarist autocracy. He strongly believed that the future of Russia depended on building a prosperous peasantry. There was widespread rural poverty but an upper class of peasant that farmed efficiently and were wealthier, they were known as the Kulaks. Stolypin believed that the encouragement of a class such as the Kulaks would make them hostile to further change therefore more conservative and loyal to the Tsar as the Tsar had made them wealthy.
Lenin’s skilled use of propaganda and the importance of the cause of ‘mother Russia’ harnessed the support of the peasants and working class in the face of another revolution. Trotsky’s inspirational oratory skills and successful reorganisation of the Red army ensured an effective, unified fighting force that was kept loyal and strong by Trotsky’s firm and ruthless discipline. However another factor responsible for the success of the Bolshevik’s in the Civil War was the ineffective organisation and leadership of the White Army which was the result of various personal and political rivalries between the parties which made unity and coordination impossible to achieve and victory on the side of the Whites incredibly difficult. It is to a critical extent that the leadership of the Bolsheviks was the reason for their victory in the Civil War from 1918-1921 in Russia as Lenin’s introduction of the sever policies under war communism dealt with the disastrous economic and military situation that the Bolsheviks were facing. The onset of Civil War required new and firmer policies for efficient industrial production and
How important were the German princes in creating the atmosphere within which Lutheranism was successful? The German princes were essential for creating the atmosphere in which Lutheranism was successful between 1521 and 1555 because they maintained Luther’s teachings, making it a reality. Also they obtained military authority over Charles V who at this time, was a new, inexperienced emperor and also had major influence over Charles power due to the fact they were the ones who elected him. This proved useful at the Diet of Worms in 1521 when instead of Luther being issued full excommunication, instead he was offered a full hearing and this was all down to princely support. By 1531 the Schmalkaldic League was set up as a united defence alliance by protestant princes in response to Charles’s threat of eradicating Lutheranism.
Providing the Confederacy with war supplies influenced Southern power, and their assertiveness towards the Union proved beneficial to international relations. The victory of the Union encouraged the forces in Britain that demanded more democracy and public contribution into the political system. Rather than an outbreak of war, relations between America and Britain were ultimately improved when the idea of widespread famine threatened England. The American Civil War proved difficult but eventually beneficial for Britain, giving them the opportunity to check their growth and rise to power. Keeping within British tradition and diplomacy, Britain never openly partnered with the South and their involvement in the war was to protect their own people, economy, actions and
The colonists had built a strong national unity and identity by the beginning of the American Revolution in 1776. In the early eighteenth century, the colonies enjoyed great prosperity due to Britain’s policy of salutary neglect, which allowed the settlers various freedoms. The French and Indian War, however, ended salutary neglect and provided for the separation of an angry union of colonies. It was the French and Indian War that first forced the colonies to unite. They desperately needed the support of the Iroquois Indians to defeat the French, and in order to do so, they needed to commit an effort to a common cause.
Rise of the Whig Party Jackson's strong personality and controversial ways incited the development of an opposition party, the Whigs. Their name echoes British history, In Great Britain, the Whigs were the party opposed to a strong monarch. By calling themselves Whigs, Jackson's enemies labeled him a king. And they held firm in their opposition to "King Andrew" and his hated policies. During this period (1820-1850), more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated (for white male adults), and popular participation in politics increased.
Defense of the Loyalists “I affirm that it would be most excellent policy in those who wish for true liberty to submit by an advantageous reconciliation to the authority of Great Britain” Great Britain was not only a powerful nation, one of the strongest military powers, but also one of the worst groups of people to be on bad terms with in the 18th century, not to mention the financial stability maintained by that nation. For all the colonists knew, going to war was just setting themselves up for disaster. Also, being the number one economic power, England was the prime buyer of American raw materials and agricultural products. So not only did they have a reign on their economy, but also the colonies’ as well. The overall impracticality of
In England, the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 was caused also by aristocratic frustration over the post plague era. English nobles used their power to subdue the peasant fortune through legislation. But the immediate cause to the revolt was the poll tax instated by the government. The peasants reacted and successfully fought back. To stop the madness, King Richard II accepted the peasant demands and eliminated the poll tax (Spielvogel, 280).
Firstly we will look at the role of which Bismarck played towards German unification. Bismarck would see an opportunity and exploit it for his own good. In the Danish War of which involved Schleswig and Holstein; Bismarck managed to intervene, even though it did not have any effect on him, so that people would see him as a defender of German nationalism and so he could turn the war around to benefit Prussia. By doing so the citizens of German states saw him as a leader and joined together to back him up and this was his first step to unifying Germany. Following this, Bismarck turned his attention to Austria as he wanted them out of the Bund so he could fulfil his vision of a unified Germany under Prussian leadership.
Prussia meekly complied with the status quo, and indeed supported it in the start as the rulers of the states needed nationalism gone to maintain their thrones. Despite this, as time went on, there were signs of growing Prussian power. Prussia became a focal point for nationalist feeling for Germany when she abolished serfdom, improved education, and created a mass army after her humiliating defeats by France in 1806 that pushed her to improve her economy and military. She then used this army to fight France in the “War for Liberation”,