Relationship Between Generations in Ibsen's Ghosts

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONS Ibsen believed that the past manifests itself in the present and the future, and has a great effect upon the lives of the characters inhabiting the world of his plays. This led him to pay special attention to the relationship between generations. In his plays, Ibsen is deeply preoccupied by the relation between parents and children in general and fathers and sons in particular. His plays demonstrate how the absence of love and understanding between parents leaves its indelible لا تمحي marks upon the personalities of children, marks which cause children to suffer psychologically and which cannot easily be rubbed out. Besides, they also show how fathers, because of their dark dealings and sinful lives, can lose the dearest people to them. Dimensions of the Relationship: The portrayal of the relationship between generations in Ibsen always takes two dimensions: the religious and the moral. The former dimension is closely connected with such dogmas as the original sin and the free will. Ibsen in his plays displays an unmistakable belief in the Christian dogma of the original sin. Christianity states that Adam sinned when he refused to conform to God's order not to eat from the forbidden fruit of knowledge. Consequently, the sin of Adam is inherited by his children. All human beings are born sinful. God's justice requires that a price be paid for every sin. So, Christianity declares that the only thing that can wipe out Adam's sin is the shedding of the blood of Adam’ children. This Christian principle is made use of by Ibsen in Ghosts, where the son is depicted as suffering from an inherited disease, a disease which deprives him of his sense of happiness and fills him with pessimism. In fact, the theme of heredity is a pivotal pointنقطة حيوية in the play, where the question of sexual diseases transmitted by a

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