The psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behaviour and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud's original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately.
Second, you will have to catch yourself in acts of selfishness and begin to correct your behavior. Third, you will have to become committed to living a rational, compassionate, contributory life, to look outside yourself and see how your behavior affects other people. Last, you will have to decide, again and again, that being fair-minded is crucial to your identity as a person The basic intellectual skills that critical thinking entails can be the initial point for skills in either a selfish or a fair-minded way. Critical thinking can serve two incompatible ends: self-centeredness or fair-mindedness. A weak-sense critical thinker is although it is working well for the thinker in some respects, it is missing certain important, higher-level skills and values of critical thinking.
Secondly, they authors state, “We need an explanation for why some people, but not others, are able to resist the impulses that nature has given them.” Because we don’t know why someone does something and another person do not, brings us down to a matter of choice. Free will can have a small part in the way people act. Summary: According to Rachel’s, we don’t just do things to do it, we do them because it is behavior that we constantly repeat and most likely get rewarded for. Also, they argue that any of us might behave badly of we were unlucky enough to be in the wrong circumstances. Lastly, they question whether people are just born bad.
The difference Jung has with Freud’s theory of infantile sexuality and libido. Jung refused to accept that sexual instinct is the main psychological drive which led him to develop his own theory and therefore his own school of analytic psychology. The two characteristics of these theories I agree with are Alder’s four types of people and dream interpretation aided the treatment of patients. The two that I disagree with are Jung’s analytic psychology and Displacement is one of many defense mechanisms which are when a person is upset or angry with someone else and when he or she comes around other people they are still upset taking their anger out on people that had nothing to do with why she or he is
“Freud demonstrates conclusively that the conscience does not exist” 35 Marks Conscience is defined by the dictionary as ‘a moral sense of right and wrong, especially as felt by a person and affection behaviour or an inner feeling as to the goodness or otherwise of ones behaviour’ Freud believed that conscience was a human construct, but it is not something exists outside of our minds. However, this is weak as so many philosophers and psychologists have tried to provide explanation to what the conscience is. Sigmund Freud was a psychiatrist most famous for founding the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Two key aspects of his approach are the assertion that sexual desire is the primes motivating drive in all humans, and the importance of the unconscious mind. Freud believed that conscience was a construct of the mind built up through repressed feelings and emotions.
It is the rational part of the mind and is always seeking to do what is most helpful for the individual. Different behaviours can be understood by trying to infer which part of the mind is dominant at any time. A person who is very submissive, guilty and always wanting to please may have a very strong superego. A person who is impulsive, careless of other people’s feelings, does not think about the consequences of their actions and can be quite aggressive either verbally or physically, probably has a dominant id. A person who can be submissive and assertive when necessary, who is able to think about other people’s feelings but also take into consideration their own needs, has probably got a strong
It was referred to as phrenology, and is primarily concerned with the localization of brain function. Franz Josef Gall was a phrenologist who could prove his theory of contra lateral function which believed that the right side of the brain controlled the left side of the body and vice versa. New innovative advancements during the 19th century allowed for new clinical studies to be performed that allowed scientists and psychologists to study individuals with mental illnesses and brain damage. If we wouldn’t had the advancements in the 19th century scientists and psychologists would have continued to struggle to prove theories on the basis of ideas rather than scientific evidence. Conclusion The history of todays psychology has been influenced by many important people throughout time.
This opposed the assumption that humans were superior to animals in every way. Sigmund Freud's development of his 3 part human mind crushed the assumptions of the philosophes that logic and reason make the greatest man. He showed the id, the section of pleasure and desire, played a major and balanced role as the other two parts, the ego and superego. These two scientists introduced two revolutionary concepts to the scientific community in Europe, evolution and psychology. These challenged previously accepted assumptions about human behavior and
The behaviorism start to make the field of psychology a mainstream scientific by observing one behavior. The field of psychoanalysis is another school of thought. Sigmund Freud best known for his work in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a term that was used to refer the different parts of Freud's research, which would include the Freudian therapy and how he developed this theories through his research. Psychoanalysis deals with the thoughts and motivations that are outside of our awareness which is influence our behavior.
A person who has a negative model of self and has a negative model of others , otherwise known as Fearful, is going to shy away from attachment and be socially avoidant which obviously is going to affect the crisis of intimacy versus isolation. A Preoccupied person has a negative self-model and a positive model of others. They often tend to be overly dependent and ambivalent. The example suggests a person who might be shy and conservative but is capable of not displaying their awkward feelings to the other person. A Secure individual has a positive model of self and others.