o A tendency to avoid reversing changes even if it was not the best choice o In reality, past expenditures are sunk costs and the organization should use a clean slate to look at new choices, but to the manager, this will come at great personal loss. • This relates to strategy because it is important to understand the effect management has on it. o If a manager will suffer personal embarrassment or a loss by adopting a new (although better) strategy, they are more likely to simply stick with the current course of action. o This can be avoided by assessing and addressing the problems of an organization prior to major investments being made o Implication on strategic choice, as they can act for the betterment or detriment of the organization. o Differences in manager’s preferences are specific to their individual personalities, experiences and situations.
Furthermore, the idea of conscience can be limited through feelings such as guilt. Our actions may be influence if we feel guilty about something. For instance, telling a friend what they want to hear rather than the actual truth. Similarly, some political laws will limit our conscience as we have no choice but to live by them. It is argued that if we yield to this pressure it limits our
While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they had made fools of themselves and to put it down to experience, committed members were more likely to re-interpret the evidence to show that they were right all along. When someone is forced to do something they really don't want to do, dissonance is created between their cognition and their behavior. Forced compliance occurs when an individual performs an action that is inconsistent with his or her beliefs. The behavior can't be changed, since it is already in the past, so dissonance will need to be reduced by re-evaluating their attitude to what they have done. This prediction has been tested
While providing his overall purpose and what he hopes his reader do as result of reading Freakonomics. “It has to do with thinking sensibly about how people behave in the real world… You might become more skeptical of the conventional wisdom; you may begin looking for hints as to how things aren’t quite what they seem... You may find yourself asking a lot f questions” (209 -210). Here, Levitt simply want people to behave correctly with common sense. He also wants the reader to question things and to search for their own answers. Levitts’ purpose is to allow the reader to attack the world and their problems with smarts and their own ideas.
Use of slang terms is not a wise idea, as what is acceptable in generation / culture could be offensive to the next.. We must make sure we are saying exactly what we mean to and clearly enough that so that others are going to hear exactly what the manager / supervisor is trying to say. According to Dr. William F. Kumuyi, some signs of a bad listener are interruptions, inpatients, in attention, bias, and shutting down during communications (Kumuyi, 2008). These examples of being a bad listening skills help keep show the manager / supervisor attuned to how exactly they might be listening or appear to the employee as listening. One can not go through life thinking that it is ok to interrupt or be impatient, for this will tend to make others think you are not listening at all. Communication is a highly important tool in the workforce.
This question does not suggest that your audience is stupid or uneducated. As we saw in Chapter 1, there is a great deal of confusion today about such matters as free will, truth, knowledge, opinion, and morality. Many intelligent and educated people have fallen victim to ideas and attitudes that cripple their creative and critical faculties. In many cases, your audience will appreciate your insights only if you first help them get beyond their misconceptions. Is Your Audience’s Perspective Likely to Be Narrow?
It has been thought that the use of extrinsic motivators “rewards” will have detrimental effects on a person’s intrinsic interest “motivation”, creativity, and damage the ability to learn. Citation? This paper will investigate the controversy of using tangible and intangible extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As described in the guidelines, do not “set up” the content of a forma l paper in this way What is motivation? Motivation is “to be moved to do something,” (Deci and Ryan, 2000).
If we judge and label someone by appearance, we probably can’t learn special characteristics about someone because we don’t know about their belief and personality in appearance. Some people just hide their emotion and seldom express themselves by a verbal communication. Therefore, the “Squiggling game” is a good form of communication to allow us to know someone without judgment more. 250 words Additional material: Gordon Allport Prejudice jeopardizes to learn special characteristics about someone. As a result, we should find different ways to reduce prejudice.
2012). CONS: Unrealistic optimism, an exaggerated sense of mastery, and excessive self-confidence may inspire people to make changes that might be avoided if the uphill battle ahead was fully appreciated (Taylor and Brown 1988). Unrealistic optimism may lead people to ignore legitimate risks in their environments and to fail to take measures to offset those risks (Taylor and Brown 1988). Self-enhancement is associated with poor social skills and psychological maladjustment (Colvin, Block et al. 1995).
Today the term friendship is thrown around in a more nonchalant manner verses how it was perceived in earlier times. Being someone’s friend was not something that was given freely. In the Renaissance, for instance, Montaigne wrote, “for to undertake to wound and offend a man for his own good is to have a healthy love for him.” This meant that to correct or constructively criticize a friend was in good favor because the friend was looking out for his or her best interest. Today the act of criticizing a friend can result in a loss of that friendship. Montaigne also wrote, “those who venture to criticize us perform a remarkable act of friendship”.