Outward-orientated (Export-led) – An outward-oriented growth strategy, based on openness and increased international trade. Growth is achieved by concentrating on increasing exports and export revenue, as a leading factor in the aggregate demand of the country. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – They plan and implement specifically targeted projects in developing counties and they act as lobbyists to try to influence public policy in areas such as poverty reduction, workers’ rights, human rights and the environment. MNCs (Multinational corporations) – A corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. Such companies have offices and/or factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office where they co-ordinate global management.
International Trade Simulation Darlene Traci Kepner XECO/212 June 17, 2012 Jim Vernon International Trade Simulation I am advising International trade recommendations for the President of Rodamia. The advantages of international trade and investments imports will create a wider variety of products which will give them a choice in price and quality. Domestic producers can expand and sell their products to other countries creating jobs, capital, and new investments, increasing the economy. When trading you have to look at the opportunity of cost production this is what defines the comparative advantage in which a country can produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal price, compared to another country; basically a choice
In determining which goods to import from which country and which goods to export, I encountered some of the advantages and some limitations of the international trade. According to the theory of comparative advantage, a country should specialize in the production and export of commodities that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost than other countries while it should import commodities that are produced at a lower opportunity cost than other countries. Limitations such as imposing a quota or tariff can raise the price of products and lead to a loss in consumer surplus or cause retaliation from the country therefore reducing the goods a country is able to export. There are factors that influence the foreign exchange rate which also has an impact on a country’s importing and exporting. Regardless of these things, international trade is important to a countries
However, there are advantages and disadvantages of international trade in the simulation that cause the world’s economy to fluctuate and leave certain countries astray. One of the advantages to international trade that I found for countries was the monetary gains and having the ability to keep their own markets honest causing the local producers to improve its goods for the reason citizens have more choices available to them. The disadvantages of international trade have to deal with countries of higher power that try to take advantage of smaller countries by swindling their government into unorthodox trading during a crisis within those countries. Another disadvantage is the possibility of local producers becoming weak, causing the unemployment rate to rise because local producers are unable to compete with international
There are also other risks associated with manufacturing internationally. When a company is manufacturing its product internationally for sale in a domestic market the exchange rate must be taken into consideration when dealing with suppliers of the components necessary for production along with the cost of labor. Should the exchange rate fluctuate greatly it can increase the cost of manufacturing to a point where the resale (retail) cost domestically rises and the product is no longer competitively priced within the domestic marketplace. The Risk: 1. Product Recall: This is a
When the demand for U.S. dollars increases, the value of the dollar will increase or appreciate (Stone 2008, pp. 685). As a result, U.S. products become more expensive for foriegners causing a reduction in exports and increasing imports. This not only effects the U.S. economy, but also affects the economies in other countries. Monetary policies influence and are influenced by international developments, including exchange rates, and based on these market conditions the U.S. government can make strategic changes to these policies to maintain the country’s economic stability (full employment, stable growth and price stability).
In the next chapter we learn how sellers set the prices in which we pay for an item, why things cost what they do and not what they are worth. The key to prices are sellers that can sell their products as close to the cost of making the item. In a regular market, prices are the key. Businesses cannot afford to charge a higher price, customers are normally looking for a lower price and the lower the better, in today’s economy. Many customers ask the question, “What affects prices?” We learn that things happen beyond the sellers’ and buyers’ control to raise and lower prices in today’s market.
Trade Most goods we buy have a label on them. This ‘made in’ label tells us where the items have been produced and therefore from where they were imported from. The exchange of goods and services between nations is trade. International trade is based on a country specializing in producing a surplus of gods it can produce most efficiently in order to gain a competitive advantage. Trade allows for: businesses to grow and create more jobs, a wider choice of goods and services often at cheaper prices, economic growth and the strengthening of strategic and political ties between nations.
Define Research Purpose The international sales research is important to the marketing and sales team that works in companies that sell products and services to overseas countries. Due to the cross cultural difference, the research interprets market behavior and helps strategize sales and marketing tactics for the company (Craig, 1999). The research also investigates cultural variation to help the company obtain a larger advantage to sell their product and service to the oversea companies. The Business Problem
Contrast the pros and cons of protectionist policies. A: Governments utilize protectionist economic policies to restrict imports and exports. Protectionism helps to protect nations from an increase in the amount of imports, which could affect domestic production. One of the most common protectionist policies includes raising the price of imports via tariffs, keeping industry in the nation more competitive in the domestic market. Protectionism can also include import quotas, or the restrictions on the quantity of imports allowed to enter a country.