Racism as a Social Construct

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As people from all walks of life commonly interchange the terms race and ethnicity one must wonder what distinguishes the two from each other. Ethnicity is a subjective belief that people share a common descent, based on cultural similarities. Race, on the other hand, is the subjective belief that people share a common descent, based on physical traits. Furthermore race is described as a social construct, or a social phenomenon that was invented by human beings and is shaped by the social forces present in the time and place of its creation. Much like religious groups, race is real but not biological in the sense that a complex array of social processes go into making a person a member of a particular religious group as holds true for race. Recognizing race as socially constructed means several things. First we must understand race is a classification system that was invented, created by human beings, and therefore man-made rather than natural. Second, we must understand race is socially created – not the work of a single individual but rather the product of masses of people who form a society. Just like language, no single person invented English, or Spanish, or Korean, but languages are real social phenomena that millions of unnamed people have shaped. Third, the social foundation of race implies that there is a variation of racial categories, meaning as societies change so do their ideas about race. For example: American’s idea about who is white has changed over time. Americans of Irish, Italian, Jewish, and other European ancestries were at one time routinely excluded from the white category. Consider a nineteenth-century Ohio newspaper that complained of Germans “driving white people” out of the labor market. This claim can also be supported by the constructivists view on race – racial categories are social creations not biological facts. If race were

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