However, they are opposed by Interpretivists who say they impose the researcher’s framework of ideas on the respondents and they claim this may influence the respondents’ view on the question being asked. A reason as to why some sociologists choose not to use questionnaires when conducting research is because of a chance of a low response rate. This may be a result of people who receive questionnaires being not bothered to complete and return it. This can be a problem as the people who do not respond having a different opinion to those who do respond, this does not provide accurate representativeness. A higher response rate can be obtained if follow-up questionnaires are sent, but this can add to the cost and time.
The population also has specific characteristics that are taken into consideration though out the study, and might include age, gender, employment statues, or education and are known as variables; variable meaning that the specific characteristics within the population may vary from unit to unit. Two different types of variables include dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables represent the output or effect that the population within the experimental unit undergoes. In contrast, independent variables represent the inputs or the cause of observed from the population. In research both types of variables not only are used but they have to be used.
Another advantage of qualitative research is that it gives more thorough data in the shape of complete descriptions in written form or visual evidence, such as photographs. This type of research looks at context and social meaning and how it affects individuals, which is beneficial mostly in the social sciences. The disadvantage of qualitative research is the interpretation of researcher s’ own biased view, which can misinterpret the facts. Another disadvantage is that this research method is very time consuming. Quantitative research allows assessing and analyzing data.
As defined above formal research involves the collecting and analyzing of data and has its various types of formal research. Formal research can come in the form of basic research and applied research which are both different processes that produce similar results through different types of means. Basic research is used to gain a better understanding of issues and problems in a given organizational situation. Basic Research is more specific to the problem at hand (Sekaran, 2009) and can be used to tackle issues, topics, and problems that have a much broader focus. Applied research is research that applies to specific issues and problems that an organization is looking to address.
1. What is reflective practice? Answer Reflective practice is a process which enables you to achieve a better understanding of yourself, your skills, competencies, knowledge and professional practice. The way things are done may not always be the only way to do them... Reflecting to see this helps identify gaps and areas that can be improved.
Right to know criteria for excellence in research. (Correct) This right is a little more difficult to define. Because “excellence” has both objective and subjective criteria, personal preference may keep the list of criteria from being as specific as we would like. However, those who are doing evaluations should work to make the criteria as specific and clear as possible so people can make choices about how to shape their own work. Right for key people to be protected so that work is done effectively.
In the systemic review, both data extraction and analysis will be performed in a collaborative manner. During the extraction process, the design of the study will be given great attention by focusing on randomized controlled trials. The review will also consider the number of articles with abstracts and methodologies that address the research question. In addition, the systemic review will take into account the sample characteristics by focusing on parameters as age, gender, size sample, and activity profile of the subjects. The research will also focus on the outcome measured by individual articles, results at baseline, the post-intervention practices carried out, and as well as any reported follow-up periods, and mean differences form the baseline, coupled with their statistical significance.
Learning Team C Research Survey In the world of research and evaluation, the process of thinking, decision-making, and analysis are a few of the steps needed to be successful when finding a result or outcome. In regard to thinking and analysis, an effective way to develop data is to use peer conducted surveys. Surveys are a beneficial tool in gathering information based on participant’s opinions given specific or broadening questions related to a topic. Surveys make ease in collecting data because the format of questions and answers is flexible allowing the researcher to broaden or narrow the findings. Surveys require several understandings; the most basic is the level of measurement found in the survey.
It is essential to specify populations, interventions, and outcomes, and sometimes comparators, timing, and settings. It can also identify potential modifiers and mediators of effectiveness as it describes the aspects of the project by analyzing all the available data and provides assumptions of effective intervention. Therefore, all systematic reviews conducted in the evidence-based practice center program should have analytical frameworks (McPheeters, 2009). According to Lieberman (2007), applying analytical framework into the problem solving will help by providing a checklist of skills, tools, and techniques for the research, including the specific skills to meet the desired situation/needs and to analyze the complex problem systematically. However, there are some drawbacks of using frameworks, such as it is powerful but complex, hard to learn, expensive to develop and it requires a detail documentation and
Evidence Based Practice (EBP) Evidence Based Practice is a process in which information from existing evidence, is acquired to improve practionars performance and methods. Researcher’s and Practitioners work together to deliver a more effective and prioritized service for their recipients. Evidence based practice encourages to follow a more systematic form of pedagogy.Evidence can be qualitative or quantitative form of research, in qualitative approach evidence is sustained by observation, experience, collective information from colleagues , peers , professors etc. Where as quantitative research is done through introducing questionnaires , surveys taking a more technical route. Evidence based practice has predominantly been used in the field of Medicine , to discover a more effective approach of treatment for patients.