In both Russia and China, however, the Mongols dominated the government. The arrival of the Mongols in China brought about a major shift in the central power of government. The “khans”, referred to as “Great Leaders”, dominated the government and the top positions within it. While they tried to govern without altering too much of Chinese tradition, they failed to actually do so and ended up discriminating against the Han Chinese, who were very often denied public service jobs. However, they did help unite China and form the Yuan Empire.
This concern is also expressed in the source written by Huan Guan, a government official where he tells about problems in society from lack of technology, such as iron plows. He discusses how technology becomes useless as all the tools are “crude and not very functional,” (Doc 2) showing how the Chinese prefer tools that are useful and efficient. Huan Tan, an upper class philosopher also hints at self-praise, saying “the benefit [from technology] was increased a hundredfold.” (Doc 3) This further shows Han China’s concern for effective technology. The source from the History of the Han Dynasty discusses how the appointed governor Tu Shih is praised as it glorifies technology, such as “iron agricultural implements that allowed people to enjoy great benefit for little labor.” (Doc 4) The Romans, on the contrary, had attitudes that expressed little to no interest or concern to how the lower class or the peasants will benefit from technology. The upper class Roman political leader Cicero calls crafts “vulgar and unbecoming.” (Doc 5) This shows the
In my opinion Operation Rolling Thunder (ORT) was a massive failure. As the US did not meet its official aims and objectives of stopping the spread of communism to Vietnam. It caused a lot of inexperienced soldiers to lose their lives. Also having a major effect on America its self as the country battled to juggle money to afford the cost of the war. But one of the hardest battle’s for the US was to keep their own countries support.
Balfour’s position as Conservative prime minister after Salisbury’s death in 1902 did not help the Conservative cause. Although he was highly intelligent, Balfour lacked political skills. He was not as sensitive to public opinion as Salisbury, proved indecisive on tariffs and seriously miscalculated the reaction of the working class on key issues. Balfour had piloted the 1902 Education Act through parliament and so incurred the hostility of the nonconformists. He failed to foresee the anger that both the Chinese labour issue and his refusal to reverse Taff Vale would cause amongst British working men.
Also, many experts say that it fell because of the lack of heart the people had to the Empire, the rise of Christianity, it was too immense to govern and protect, the decline of the economy and jobs, the army being made up of mostly foreigners, and outside invaders. Thus, one can say that the Empire collapsed more internally than externally. The first reason why the Western Roman Empire fell was because the people that lived in it had a lack of heart in the Empire. People didn’t believe the Empire was worth saving anymore. As Strayer, Gatzke, and Harbison state in their textbook The Course of Civilization states “The basic trouble was that very few inhabitants of the empire believed that the old civilization was worth saving… the overwhelming majority of the population had been systematically excluded from political responsibilities.
Sinicization is one of the most common doubts by historians who study about Qing Dynasty. Question like ‘How did the Manchu who were outnumbered by Han Chinese people managed to conquered and succeeded in ruling China for so long?’ lead one to wonder whether one of the reason for their success is sinicization. This doubt about sinicization has brought two historians to debate and attack each other opinion publicly. According to historian Ping Ti Ho, sinicization is undoubtedly the key to the success of Qing Dynasty but historian Evelyn S.Rawski did not agree about sinicization and argues instead that Qing was quite a multiethnic empire. In Ping Ti Ho 1967 paper, he stated 5 reasons why Qing Dynasty is one of the most important dynasty.
However, China's revolution differed because the initial democratic establishment led to opposition from the Communist party while the formation of the U.S.S.R faced minimal opposition. In China, the Qing dynasty was ineffective, instead of trying to modernized as early as possible, it squandered what remained of its wealth and in doing so led to heavy losses in influence and power. Similarly, in Russia, The Tsars became ineffective, the decision to enter World War I had brought Russia to its knees socially, politically and economically. The Tsars also faced many scandals that would deface their influence in Russian cities. It was due to these reasons that both China and Russia were seeking to replace the government in power with new ones that would appeal to the population's demands.
According to Roads Murphy, the Chinese regarded the Westerners as an uncivilized people, but more ill-mannered than any foreigners, and as potential troublemakers and corrupt beings that will lead them astray of Chinese morality. During the early modern period were Kangxi and Qianlong sat on the throne for the longest time in the history of China, the great majority of them were content with their own far older and more sophisticated ways and religious traditions, and there were few openings for what were seen as alien faiths, promoted by resented outsiders the West, which in the book of Jonathan Spence, The Question of Hu, narrates the story of the two cultures colliding. The two greatest emperors of China, Kangxi who reigned the longest
Though this proposition is correct, I argue that the decentralization of the Chinese system of governance was an integral reason for its inability to cope with the challenges posed by modern nation-states. This decentralization is characterized by many factors including internal social unrest, lack of strong leadership, corruption, and traditional ideals. The already decentralized, corrupt state was thus easily exploited by modern imperialist powers due to their superior military technology and organization. Eventually, China’s decline and successive defeats led to the fall of the last Chinese empirical dynasty. To begin, it is necessary to have a strong understanding of China’s background as an empire and what led to its decline during this period.
However, Chiang and the GMD failed to gain population which was due to the lack of help and improvement towards the living standards of the millions of peasants in China, showing the GMD was only representative of minority groups and never fully solved all domestic problems in the country. In order these solve domestic problems in China, it was clear that foreign influence needed to be completely eliminated to enable China to become independent again. Nationalism was one of the GMD’s main three principles, so Chiang should have seen freeing China from foreign controls as a priority. Although he noticed this was important and went about fixing it by increasing the strictness of the Chinese law over foreign concessions which decreased the total number of foreign concessions from 33 to 13. Chiang did solve the domestic problem of foreign control in China; he relied on having foreigners around.