The explanation suggests that the primary caregiver is responsible for helping the infant overcome its anxieties and if the care is inadequate then a child will not develop a proper sense of self. Therefore during adolescence when threats to the self occur the symptoms of schizophrenia begin to develop. However, the psychodynamic explanation to schizophrenia has many problems, for example: Freud claimed that schizophrenia is caused by over-whelming anxiety and is a defence mechanism involving regression into an early stage of development. Freud suggested that one of the positive symptoms of the disorder, hallucinations are the ego’s attempt to restore contact with reality. However there isn’t any research evidence to support Freud’s theory and psychoanalysis is not an effective treatment for schizophrenia suggesting that the psychodynamic theory does not explain the causes of schizophrenia.
Depressive disorders, which include major depressive disorder (unipolar depression), dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression), and bipolar disorder (manic-depression), can have far reaching effects on the functioning and adjustment of young people. Among both children and adolescents, depressive disorders confer an increased risk for illness and interpersonal and psychosocial difficulties that persist long after the depressive episode is resolved; in adolescents there is also an increased risk for substance abuse and suicidal behavior 1,2,3. Unfortunately, these disorders often go unrecognized by families and physicians alike. Signs of depressive disorders in young people often are viewed as normal mood swings typical of a particular developmental
Children 6 - 10 years may exhibit radical behavior changes. They may exhibit uncontrolled behavior, poor school performance, and physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, and dizziness. Play is still the primary means of expression. Trust in adults may be diminished (Suvivors of Homicide Victims). Children 11 and over are in the midst of adolescence, a confusing and troubling period.
The psychodynamic theory maintains that abnormal behavior patterns are symptomatic of some underlying mental disorder or illness. In the psychodynamic hypothesis, the development of mental disorders involves sexual and/or aggressive fears that have been repressed because of intra-psychic conflict. Because these conflicts are too painful or terrifying to endure, they are kept from consciousness through various defense mechanisms. This happens because the ego displaces the true source of this suppressed danger by substituting an external threat that can easily be detected. According to Freud, the originally repressed fears may go back far into childhood.
Various approaches could have been used to compensate for the lack of personal privacy and informed consent but were not. Due to the sensitive nature of this study and the violation of many commonly accepted guidelines for research, this experiment shows to be unethical.
Describe and evaluate the psychodynamic approach Psychodynamic psychologists assume that our behaviour is determined by unconscious forces of which we are unaware. Each manifest (surface) thought, utterance or behaviour hides a latent(hidden) motive or intention. The latent motives for our behaviour reflect our instinctive biological drives and our early experiences, particularly before the age of five. Most particularly, it is the way we are treated by our parents as children that shapes our adult behaviour. Sigmund Freud developed an approach on abnormality that highlighted how human personality and psychosexual development in childhood can cause abnormality.
It refers to patterns of attitudes that are considered to be antisocial and criminal by society at large, but are seen as normal or necessary by the subculture or social environment in which they developed” (Babiak & Hare, 2007, p. 26). In other words, sociopath behavior is a condition of learning and environment. Additionally, a sociopath may have the ability to empathize and have a developed conscience (Babiak & Hare, 2007). On the other hand, a psychopath’s diagnosis may be more neurologically based and are lacking in a conscience. Diagnosing Psychopathy The most frequently used diagnostic tool for determining psychopathy is the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R).
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Val Mateyshin Keiser University PSY 1012 Abstract Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder of heterogeneous origin characterized by intrusive thoughts or compulsive urges or behaviors that are distressing, time-consuming, or functionally impairing. In children and adolescents, the disorder often is accompanied by a wide range of comorbidity, including mood, anxiety, attention, and learning difficulties, and/or tic disorder. These parameters describe the relevant areas of assessment, especially symptomatology, onset and course, other associated psychopathology, and developmental, family, and medical history (including post-infectious onset or exacerbations). OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Have you
The sociopath and psychopath are truly unique characters. Many forensic psychologists, psychiatrists and criminologists use the terms sociopathy and psychopathy interchangeably. Leading experts disagree on whether there are meaningful differences between the two conditions. These individuals normally don’t know that they are sociopathic/psychopathic, and this makes them even more intriguing. Psychopathy and sociopaths are anti-social personality disorders.
Describe and discuss the psychodynamic approach, refer to evidence in your answer. Freud’s psychodynamic approach is about the influence of unconscious childhood behaviour and experiences that determined our adult behaviour later on in life. This has many different features being the psychosexual stages, personality and defence mechanisms. Freud suggests that particular features of this approach will have a large effect on behaviour in later life such as sexuality, cleanliness and habits. Freud’s approach of the psychosexual stages suggested development unconsciously takes place at different stages, conflict to overcome at the stage or result of failure concludes in fixation at that certain stage having an influence on adult behaviour.