Bateson et al (1956) suggested that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia e.g. a mother hugs her child but then disapprovingly tells him off for being “clingy”. This is known as the double-bind theory. There is evidence to support the double-bind theory. Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double-bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics.
Data published by NHS show that there is high number of measles reported due to 1-16 years old children who missed the vaccinations between 1990s and 2000s. In 2012 the numbers of cases was 2,000. The fears are now concerned on the MMR vaccination, as now there is also a big group of children who did not received their vaccination. NHS urge parents to ensure their children receive the vaccination. This shows that many parents are sceptical to the vaccinations, what might have negative consequences for children.
The Romanian children were tested again at the age of 4 and compared to a control group of 52 British-adopted children who were 4 as well, who didn’t show any of the negative effects suffered by the Romanians. Findings: at 4 years old, the two groups of adopted children didn’t show any significant differences in either intellectual or physical development. The average IQ of the Romanian children increased from 63 to 107.For those adopted after 6 months, it increased from 45 to 90.The older adoptees tended to do less well in terms of physical development too. Conclusion: the negative results shown by the Romanian children could be overcome if adequate care is given to them Intervention should take place before they are 6 months old Separation from mother alone is not enough to cause negative outcomes as the British children were separated but didn’t have problems with their
Teenagers had more babies than they do now, but access to good jobs-even with only a high school education-enabled young men to marry their pregnant girlfriends. Even though the 50's were good, it didn't lead to better 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s. The 1950s family was more of a short-lived experiment than a continuation of a long tradition. For all of its good points, family life in the 1950s was hardly ideal. Families weren't as well-off economically as they would become by the end of the 1960s.
The abnormalities include facial deformities and defective limbs, face and heart. Most of these children are below average in intelligence. In one study, however, even mothers who drank moderately during pregnancy had babies who were less attentive and alert, with the effects still present at four years of age. Cigarette smoking by pregnant women can also adversely influence prenatal development, birth and postnatal development. Fetal and neonatal deaths are higher among smoking mothers.
Many studies have looked at the link between maternal depression, attachment and disturbed behaviour. One study of 18 month old infants who’s mothers had suffered from post natal depression were found to be much more likely to be assessed as ‘insecurely attached’ in the ‘Strange Situation Test’ [Woodhead, M et al 2005]. The Strange Situation Test is designed to assess the child’s attachment to their caregiver. It is usually performed on infants 1 – 2 years old. The test consists of ‘a series of separations and reunions of child, caregiver and a stranger’ [Oates et al, 2005].
Stress from having a child and maintaining a healthy relationship with his wife and son. Stress brought on by hallucinations. Axis V: Current/Worst GAF: 25 Highest GAF in previous year: 70 4. Diagnostic Documentation for Primary Axis I or II Diagnosis: Paranoid Schizophrenia (155). 1.
O'Connor in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol abuse, children with fetal alcohol syndrome may show cognitive and attention deficits, increased activity levels, problems in inhibition and state regulation, perseverative behavior, and expressive language and motor problems. These problems may last into and throughout adulthood. They may have difficulties such as bonding in infants and depression in 4-6 year olds. There have been reports of depression, anxiety, psychosis, somatic complaints, delinquency, hyperactivity and sleep disorders. O'Connor also reports in a study done on 473 people that were prenatally exposed to alcohol 44% were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 40% had psychotic disorders, and 20% had bipolar disorders(Women's Health1).
Sleep has been found to be more important in children than adults. A study was taken on 12 year old children to see what effect sleep had on them. In this study, there was a comparison between overweight children that slept only 14.4 minutes less than normal weight children (Horne). The results brought the conclusion that for every extra hour of sleep, the child was 20%-40% less likely to be overweight (Horne). This appears to be a bigger impact than in adults.
Behavioral Problems: Parental substance abuse can be destructive to a family and the relationship that exists within the unit. Children that are subjected to drugs as a baby has a higher risk of substance abuse, academic problems, behavior problems, and violence. Children who come from families involved with substance abuse often has impulsive behavior (Feaster, 1996). Addiction: “Alcoholism and drugs abuse in a family creates patterns in families” (Substance Abuse Training Tri-Town Head Start, 2007). Children who have parents that abused drugs or alcohol are at a much higher risk of becoming addicts.