This theory was first developed by Abraham Maslow. He described that self-actualizing people share such things like awareness and acceptance of themselves and lean towards spontaneity and openness and are very positive people in general. Maslow believed that the highest personal need was that of self-actualization. Later, Carl Rogers introduced conditions of worth where in the effort to gain positive regard from others, people will deny their true selves to meet expectations. An advantage of this theory is that it drives parents to encourage their children at a young age to build up a large self-esteem; their sense of self-worth.
It demonstrates the effect that discipline and parenting styles can have on a child. Social Learning Theory recognises children as being more engaged in their leaning and stresses the importance of role models, stating that children can learn by simply observing others. Constructivism somewhat downplays the role of social experiences in favour of biological influences and suggests that children are independent agents of their own learning, not overly influenced by parents and teachers. Finally, Social Constructivism argues that the key to learning and development lies in the social interaction with peer groups, rather than merely observing others. Behaviourists believe that the environment in which a
Give positive encouragement, always using positive words rather than negative. This will in turn make them feel confident, valued and encourages good self esteem from an early age. Identify two ways that an adult's behaviour at work could negatively influence the development of children. 1) If you are feeling down and unwell, children and young people that you are working with are able to pick up on this and it could cause them to become unhappy and perhaps uncomfortable. This may then result in them not wanting to join in in activities or even find it as an excuse to play up.
The child will respond well to this and they are likely to repeat the action to gain the praise from a staff member. Another policy at this setting is to model good behavior by treating children and adults around us with respect. This means that staff will be treating children with respect by talking to them nicely, not shouting at children, not humiliating children, etc. as well at treating staff members with the same level of respect, not shouting across the classroom, talking nicely to one another, etc. the result of this will be that other children will see this and will copy the staff members being respectful and, in turn, will respect their classmates, teachers and anyone outside of nursery.
It also has the anti-bullying policy in it and how we should handle situations and explains what inappropriate behavior is. I think that the benefit of encouraging and rewarding positive behavior through praising is that the children learn good behavior from bad behavior and I tend to see more of the same positive behavior reoccurring when I reward it. When children know that there are boundaries set it makes them feel secure and helps provide children with a safe and secure environment, thereby promoting good mental health. The nursery has golden rules * Show respect for others, considering their rights to
This can affect planning as practitioners may have to think and plan activities for children where there is a possibility that positive and negative reinforcements can be put into action in the setting, for example; praising the child when they have achieved and giving children time outs think about what they have done ‘Skinner divided the consequences of actions into three groups; Positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishments’ (Tassoni, P, et al, 2007: 84). Albert Bandura’s social learning theory states that he believed children’s; parents, family, friends and teachers should be powerful role models and figures for children to imitate, for example; behaving in a way that promotes acceptable behaviour in the setting. This can affect the planning and provision of learning opportunities for children in a setting as practitioners will have to plan activities and experiences for children that will enable them and will encourage them to socialise and communicate with other children and staff ‘In social learning theory Albert Bandura (1977) states behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational
CYP 3.3 (6.1) How to support children and young peoples self confidence and self esteem It is an important part of our role as an adult working with children to support them feel able to achieve and have the skills to Part of this comes from how the child feels about themselves, and we can make a positive contribution to this by building up children's self confidence and self esteem. It is important to take time to listen to and value what individuals say. What is important to a child may seem insignificant to an adult. We need to be able to empathise and remember that children’s view of the world is very different to ours. A child that feels that their concerns are taken seriously and not disregarded will feel valued.
The creative process helps them flourish by teaching them about who they are, what they love and what they can give to the world. Creativity is often more about the process, rather than the actual product. With children, it is useful for them to focus on the purpose and importance of the creative process as opposed to the outcome. Being involved in creative activities is fun and absorbing for children. Evidence suggests that it helps children to have positive experiences and develop important characteristics and abilities such
Defense mechanisms, examples – repression, projection, denial, rationalization, regression, reaction formation, displacement, sublimination What is the defense mechanism that involves us in attributing things we don’t like in ourselves onto other person? Projection What is the condition that parents set up to communicate positive regard to their children? Conditions of worth What is the basis for self-esteem? A comparison of ones perceived self, versus desired self What is the relationship between personality traits in relation to a changing environment? Over time, the environment contributes to personality traits What are the cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system?
Skinner with the “Skinner Box”. This was a study that was done to prove that we could modify behavior by giving positive reinforcements. B.F. Skinner believed that the best way for us to understand behavior was to look at what caused the behavior and what the consequences were from us participating in the behavior. The field of psychology learned that when an individual is positively reinforced for participation in a specific wanted behavior the individual is more likely to repeat the wanted behavior. This is used mostly in parenting by rewarding a child for being good.