5. Describe how temperature and pH affect sucrase activity. Introduction Enzymes are usually protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. A catalyst greatly increases the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy necessary to get the reaction started without itself being altered or consumed. On the surface of the enzyme is an active site that temporarily binds the reactants or substrates forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
In an enzyme-catalyst reaction, the substrate binds to the active site and forms an enzyme-substrate complete with the enzyme. (Heller, H. Craig., Gordon H. Orians, William K. Purves, and David Sadava).The enzyme then breaks the bonds in the structure of the substrate. The products of the reaction then leave the enzyme which remains unchanged after the reaction. The enzyme of this experiment was the yeast Peroxidase and the substrate of the experiment was hydrogen peroxide which was diluted by water.
Enzymes are proteins that are used to speed up these reactions without being consumed by them. The activity of these enzymes can be altered by changing their environments, such as enzyme specificity (speed only a reaction that contains their substrate), increasing and decreasing temperature, concentration level, or adjusting the pH level. Catalase is a catalyst that digests potent hydrogen peroxide and converts it into H2O and O. It is due to this hydrogen peroxide digesting ability that we used catalase in this experiment. To record the role that environment plays in the reaction of an enzyme, we exposed the enzyme to various changes in temperature, concentration, and pH.
Enzymes are "biological catalysts." "Biological" means the substance in question is produced or is derived from some living organism. "Catalyst" denotes a substance that has the ability to increase the rate of a chemical reaction, and is not changed or destroyed by the chemical reaction that it accelerates. Generally speaking, catalysts are specific in nature as to the type of reaction they can catalyze. Enzymes, as a subclass of catalysts, are very specific in nature.
Internal Assessment To test how temperature affects the rate of enzyme activity in the liver? Name: Chandre Putter Grade: 11 Words: 2380 Design Section Research Question/Aim How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme activity in the liver? Introduction Enzymes are ‘globular proteins that work as catalysts’ (1), meaning they speed up chemical reactions (metabolic reactions) without having to be altered. Enzymes are made by living cells and also speed up biochemical reactions. Living creatures produce thousands of enzymes, and the reason for this is because; ‘most enzymes only catalyze one biochemical reaction’ (1), and many different enzymes are need to do this.
Various enzymes have unique shape and chemical composition that creates a site, called and active site. This is to allow connection between the enzyme and other molecules called substrates. The shape and chemical makeup of the active site provides an area for part of the substrate to connect with the enzyme. (Farabee, 2010) Part of the active site holds the substrate and part catalyzes the reaction. Some enzymes act on one substrate only, while other enzymes act on a family of related molecules.
Enzymes act as biological catalysts; they make chemical reactions to work quicker and remains unchanged when the reaction finishes. Therefore enzymes are used to speed up biological reactions in body. They can be working within cells and outside cells catalyzing metabolic reactions in human bodies. Enzymes are globular proteins; therefore they are soluble and easily transported in blood. Enzyme has an active site in a specific shape because of its tertiary structure.
The breakers are a part of the enzyme structure. What they do is originally the substrate comes in one and fits inside the active site but what the breakers does is it breaks the substrate in to two parts which fit into the active site. It just basically breaks the substrate into two parts that is why it is called the breakers. The builders. What the builders do is build the substrate if it was broken in to two.
(Chem4kids, 2004) Before discussing the effects and uses of catalysts I should elaborate on what they are. A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction. This lowered requirement allows more molecules to participate in a reaction at any given time, increasing the reaction rate. However catalysts are very specific and will only work with particular molecules. (See diagram right.)
The reaction rate of this reaction is controlled by an enzyme called Luciferase which acts as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a chemical which interacts with the substrate in the reaction in order to alter the rate of the chemical