how are cells and bodies made from the instructions in DNA Regents Biology! Regents Biology! DNA ! Proteins ! Cells !
Include in your chart, location, complementary base pairs, sugar, helix or single 19. What is the overall scheme to protein synthesis? 20. Describe the process of transcription? What is a code?
codon 2. Amino acids are the monomers of what macromolecule? protein 3. Be able to use the codon chart (aka “Universal Genetic
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
It is a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important part of the human diet used as an energy source. It is a polymer of glucose sugar which means it is composed of many glucose molecules linked in a chain. Plants store the starch instead of simple sugars. Cellulose is an insoluble substance which is the main part of plant cell walls and vegetable fibres such as cotton. It is also a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.
To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating (. DNA has a double helix structure and has two strands running in opposite directions (UIC, 2013). 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? Genotype determines the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
Depending on if the cell is an animal cell or a plant cell. | | Cytoskeleton | Cytoskeleton has intercellular proteins that help the cell maintain its shape and with helps with movement. | The word skeleton in Cytoskeleton reminds me of the meaning. | K Key Idea | I Information | M Memory Clue | Ribosomes | Ribosomes are protein builders. | The word Ribosomes remind me of Ribs.
* Cellulose as a source of chemicals – starch, another polymer of glucose, can be used as an alternative source for petrochemical products but there is more cellulose produced in plants than starch. Each glucose unit of cellulose has 6 carbons atoms joined together, a good starting point in making petrochemicals e.g. ethylene (2 C atoms). However, it is more difficult to break cellulose into glucose than starch due to the many hydrogen bonds in the long near-linear chains of cellulose forming compact fibres. There are two processes to break cellulose into
(Swann, 2008) The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Hypothesis: Most enzymes are very specific for a certain substrate. The active site on the enzyme molecule forms a keyhole into which the substrate fits like a key. The substrate molecule is then broken up into many smaller pieces. “The higher the reaction temperature, the more kinetic
Carbohydrates can be found in fruits, milk, honey, breads, cereals, vegetables and legumes. According to the effect carbohydrates have on blood sugar they are categorised with the Glycaemic Index (GI). The higher the GI the more quickly carbohydrates break down and release glucose. These kinds of food are white bread, watermelon and jasmine rice. Carbohydrates that take longer to be broken down are lower in GI.