(Neuman,2005)The environmental aspects of urban consolidation is quite different with in developing the form of urban sprawl. In high density areas, there is only a few natural vegetations,which include trees and grasslands and etc, are found within the buildings, roads, and parking areas. So it makes harder for the inner suburb to have a cleaner environment without planting large amount of vegetations.To sum up, it has both problems and benefits by developing the urban consolidation but the advantages of consolidation is more convincing , making th consolidation form as a more sustainable and livable plan
This attracts more residents triggering the increase of Sydney’s population. Centralized shopping and increased parking space also attract incoming residents. However, the development of lower density areas place strain on the cities infrastructure as the majority of the employment is centred closer to Sydney’s CBD, therefore easy transport to and from the area is essential. Future trends in Sydney’s outskirts include housing plots getting smaller in order to accommodate the city’s growing population as well as
Therefore, MTA managers hire more of the same workers. In contrast, more whites work the commuter rails going in and out of the city: this represents the greater percentage of whites that live outside the city. The public sphere is influenced by the private sphere. More specifically, the MTA managers before the strike practiced unequal wage pay and pension benefits between the city transit workers and the commuter workers. More specifically, the commuter workers were receiving more benefits than city workers.
Moreover, “The advent of the steam locomotive and railroad also saw the start of major pollution caused by big business, which is all too often seen today. Polluted rivers and smoke-filled air began to dominate cities, which in turn created poor living and working conditions that gave rise to socialism. The most direct pollution problem created by the locomotive was the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. It gave way to poor air quality and poor living conditions. Additionally, the steam locomotive supported businesses and industries where pollution was an accepted and normal thing.
Therefore manufacturers make bigger profit. As well as that, there are fewer factory regulations at sweatshops because the health and safety regulations aren’t as important in LEDC’s, that way it makes it cheaper to run the factory. As well as that, renting and buying the factory is cheaper too because the economy of LEDCS are weak the demand of buying property is low because not many people can afford it therefore buildings and houses are worth less because of low demand. Another reason clothes are manufactured in LEDCs is because there is less tax to foreign government, therefore there is a bigger profit for the manufacturers. Because LEDCs have a weak economy, there are very few
Theses surfaces have a higher thermal capacity than natural surfaces and are able to absorb large quantities of heat during the day and slowly release it during the night. This is the main contributor in the temperature difference between rural and urban areas. Given that most of the city is covered in these building material s there is bound to be a change in climatic characteristics. However there are other factors such as central heating, traffic fumes, factories, power station and the people
This effect is caused mostly by the lack of vegetation and soil moisture in urban areas, which would normally use the absorbed sunlight to evaporate water as part of photosynthesis, which is known as a process is called evaportranspiration. Because urbanized land areas cover only a very small fraction of the Earth, the effect of the urban heat island on global average temperatures is very small. Most thermometers are located in urbanized areas; those areas tend to become more urbanized over time. Many buildings found in urban areas have dark surfaces. Dark surfaces absorb more light energy, and heat, making the entire building warmer.
Fracking is bad for the environment. People still need natural gas or oil to live their life. It will take time to get all of the bugs worked out of fracking. Fracking companies are using the new technology to insure the protection of the environment. Fracking is a cheaper way of obtaining gas.
The use of gentrification can be viewed by cities and towns as a means to economic development and urban renewal. It has aided in local economic and community revitalization, increased tourism and employment, and preserved regional history, culture, and pride. However, gentrification has not been a benefit to everyone. Gentrification may benefit the upper and middle classes, but the effects of it are often detrimental to low income residents because it forces them to adjust to a lifestyle that they cannot afford. Some see it as simply driving the problems further under the surface or into other areas, rather as a means to revitalizing local communities.
Counter–urbanisation question ( 40 marks ) Counter-urbanisation is the movement of people from major cities or large town’s (e.g St. Ives in Cambridgeshire) to less urbanised and rural areas beyond the outer suburbs. The main reason that counter-urbanisation takes place is because of the push and pulls factors that are associated with it. Some of the main push factors associated with counter-urbanisation are that people want a better quality of living; they want to be able to live in an clean and quiet environment without air and noise pollution; they wish to escape the high levels of traffic congestion; and they want to escape the dirt and crime that urban environment offers e.g London City Centre. Furthermore, most people aspire to have larger houses with more land or large gardens for lower and cheaper prices when compared to the urban areas which have seen a huge increase in price over the past ten years, resulting in poorer or low income families struggling to afford the houses. Finally, large companies such as American Air Filters have set up factories in rural areas making it more attractive for people to relocate to the area e.g Cramlington.