Africans were forced into new modernization of agricultural technique which was introduced by Europeans. In essence, native Africans had to produce what they don’t consume and what they don’t produce in order to enrich the home country. Food produced by Africans was transported to the home country for profit. Meanwhile, non native whites profited richly from this economic system and native black populations remain in poverty (Korieh & Njoku, P.339-342). Underdevelopment There was several immediately obvious aspect of that underdevelopment that we need to elaborate.
In 1453, the Ottoman Empire began to block trade routes from Europe to the East. This forced the European countries to search for new trade routes. These new trade routes led from Europe to Africa and the Americas. From 1492 to 1750, the results of new contact between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas changed all three socially by a development of a middle class within Europe, mass exports of slaves in Africa, and the placement of the encomienda system. Many aspects of the African and American economies remained unchanged by maintaining an agrarian based economy.
Arabic culture help make the empire have dominion over its neighbors. Another fact that made Ghana have power was their trade in goods, which included copper and iron technology. Towards 1000 C.E. Muslims attacked Ghana, and their resources started to decrease. The problem that happened was with the decrease in resources the Ghana Empire just suffered, which resulted with the down fall in 1203 where Kumbi took over.
“The Black Death, a catastrophic epidemic of the bubonic plague that began in Constantinople in 1347, had decimated Europe, killing (according to some estimates) more than a third of the people of the continent and debilitating its already limited economy.”1 (Brinkley, 2011) Almost 150 years later, the population had recovered and with it an awakening of commerce began. With the establishment of chartered companies and a new concept of economic life, known as mercantilism, there was big interest in goods from distant lands. These new advances allowed the newly founded companies to start up colonies allowing them to export goods found in the New World. This helped avoid having to get them from other countries. They grew an interest in quicker trade routes to the east.
Because the disease wiped out so much of the population, the Columbian exchange inadvertently changed many economic aspects of the Americas. There were labor shortages throughout the Americas which is one factor that contributes to the use of slaves later on. With the exchange, also came new crops. Columbus brought food grains commonly found in Europe because he wanted them to grow in the Americas as well. He brought wheat, barley, rye, and other food grains.
Immigrants had poor pay and other factors like slaves V. Diversity in the Age of Western Dominance {. Large increase in Islam in Africa |. Many areas won their independence }. Regrowth of Western military and industrial strength ~. Western immigrants into US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand .
When Mongols captured Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East broke into many states, although it was reunited but only partly. The Abbasid Empire’s Mathematics and Science was kept in the Islamic world, since under the Abbasids Arabic numerals became widespread. When Islam reached Africa during the 1300s and 1400s, most were Christians, although as time passed by most of the population decided to change Christianity and convert to Islam instead. One of the reasons of that was because Muslims weren’t taxing them like they used to get taxed before, and they liked that change. Muslims also adapted many ways like Indian styles into their religion and culture.
Both Africa and the Middle East went through a radical reconstruction. They went through many struggles with transformation of the world’s economy, the military, and they had political struggles. In Africa, Africans didn’t have identity. By World War One most Africans were living within colonies with new political boundaries by the Europeans. While the world was rapidly industrializing they began to adapt to their cultures.
They were in America during these events, though they did not seem to pay them much attention in the novel. As far as Rachel and Leah were concerned, the Civil Rights Movement was as foreign a concept as Chinese culture would have been, for they lived in the Congo where racism ran rampant yet rights were few and far between for most people, regardless of race. While the Jim Crow Laws had a lasting effect on the Price children, be it good or bad, they quite possibly had a greater effect on the American nation. The reforms brought on by the illegalization of these laws were so radical that they opened up the doors for many other changes, including the fight for women’s suffrage and the election of a president of mixed racial background. America still has a long way to go in the fight against racism, but it has also come a long way since the days of slave owners and
Effects of the Colonialism in Nigeria Colonialism in Africa is one great cause for the death of cultures in Africa. Not only did it change traditions and political structures, but it was also the cause of the feudal area in Africa. In 1900 Lord Frederick Lugard established indirect rule in Nigeria. During the late part of the 19th century, most of Africa's continent came under political control of European powers. In Nigeria, things were no different and by 1905 the British had established rule over all of present-day Nigeria.