Raven Johnson Mr. Montgomery 3/14/12 Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague is a deadly infectious disease, which is caused by the bacterium Yesinia pestis. It is transmitted through the bite of a flea, and has killed millions of people. This plague is one of the most feared of all diseases (McNeill, W. H.). It is easily transmittable and has a high mortality. It can be cured through antibiotics (McNeill, W. H.).
When a mosquito with infective stage larvae bites a person, the parasites are deposited on the persons skin from where they enter the body. The larvae then migrate to the lymphatic vessels where they develop in to adult worms in the human lymphatic system. The spreading continues as non infected mosquitoes bite someone with larvae in their blood, then proceed to bite someone else, thus introducing larvae into their skin and into their body. The people most at risk for this disease are those located in underdeveloped regions found in South America, Central Africa, India, Asia, the Pacific Islands, Brazil, and the Carribean, just to name a few. Nations found to be endemic tend to be tropical or subtropical due to the optimal habitat for the vectors of LF.
Today, this term raises fears and panic among the masses. A. WNV was first found in 1937 in an adult woman living in the West Nile district of Uganda. Today the virus is most found in Africa, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and West Asia. (Marguiles, Phillip 30-35) B. In 1999 the virus appeared in North America for the first time and in the next year spread to 12 states killing 8 people and sickening 80 others.
It can often prove to be fatal. Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by a bacteria found in tainted water or food. It can kill within weeks through dehydration, but is treatable if caught in time. The spread started 3 years ago in Haiti and entered to Mexico through a hurricane and tropical storm which caused heavy rains, floods, landslides and internal displacement of populations, thus increasing the risk of diarrheal diseases. 171 affected cases, 1 dead were reported in Mexico.
value: 6 points Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission? | Toxoplasmosis | | Trichomoniasis | | Giardiasis | | Malaria | | Balantidiasis | 10. value: 6 points The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48 to 72 hour episodes in a malaria patient are | bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. | | fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. | | urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. | | chills, fever, and sweating.
INCORRECT The most common type of cirrhosis worldwide is actually the result of hepatotoxins, such as viral hepatitis, which cause massive liver necrosis. C) All alcoholics will develop cirrhosis. INCORRECT No more than half of all alcoholics will develop Laennec's cirrhosis, which is the type of cirrhosis related to alcohol consumption. Laennec's cirrhosis is the most common form of cirrhosis in North America. D) Spouses of alcoholics are at risk for cirrhosis.
Meningococcal meningitis is a fast moving, deadly infection that kills 10 to 13% of its victims within a matter of hours or days (CDC, 2015). Those that do survive usually have severe complications associated with having the disease such as amputations, brain damage, deafness, arthritis, loss of kidney function, and seizures. Increased contributing factors that encourage the spread of the disease results from several things associated with close contact, such
The plague bacilli are little toxin factories. The heat of the human body signals the thousands of bacilli injected by the flea to go into a special production. If the immune system manages to kill some, the germs release more poisons from their dying bodies. Meanwhile, they work their way into the fluid drainage system to travel. If the flea bite was on the leg, the lymph drainpipes carry plague to the lymph nodes in the groin.
Insect saliva inactivates blood components and manipulates host immunity The animal blood feeding is an essential event associated with the life cycle of mosquitoes. The female mosquito applies specific strategies for sucking blood from their animal hosts. The mosquito injects saliva at the site of piercing the host skin before drawing the blood. Mosquito saliva is the soup of a complex array of pharmacological agents that perform numerous important functions to facilitate the process of blood feeding [16]. During blood feeding, the damage caused to the host blood vessels usually results in vasoconstriction that may increase insect feeding time due to restricted blood flow to their mouth parts.
The French physician Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran first identified the parasite under the microscope in 1880. Ronald Ross and Giovanni Grassi recognized the mosquito as the malaria vector in 1897 (Good, 2001). However, despite enormous and diverse efforts to control this disease, malaria is among the top three most deadly communicable diseases and the most deadly tropical parasitic disease today (Sachs and Malaney, 2002). According to the World Malaria Report 2010, there were 225 million cases of malaria and an estimated 781 000 deaths in 2009, a decrease from 233 million cases and 985 000 deaths in 2000. Most deaths occur among children living in Africa where a child dies every 45 seconds of malaria and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all childhood deaths (WHO 2010).