There are many kinds of stress. Normal stress arises from forces that are perpendicular to a cross-sectional area of the material, whereas shear stress arises from forces that are parallel to, and lie in, the plane of the cross-sectional area. STRAIN * A force (stress) that causes movement (strain) that exceeds the natural extensibility of the material which then arise a condition where the mechanical damage of an object takes place. The words stress and strain are used interchangeably in our everyday life. There are precise definitions of these words in the technical world.
The purpose of this experiment was to measure centripetal acceleration and a centripetal force of a mass. The mass was then hung on an apparatus and attached to a spring. The mass was then rotated. The centripetal force was calculated using measurements of radius of the path, the time it takes to revolve around that path, and the mass. Procedure The group first took measurements such as the mass of the object, the radius of the rotation, the tension of the mass when we attached it to the apparatus.
Also a pulley with a table mount is required to support the string. As well two pieces of masking tape were needed in order to mark where point A and B are located. Finally a newton spring scale was required to measure the masses in newton. There are two separate procedures in this experiment that will test the relationship between the cart and the mass. The first part the lab is to determine the relationship between the cart and mass if the cart’s mass was left at a constant.
A transmission transfers the power created by the engine to the wheels through a driveshaft and axle. B. Being able to change the gears manually lets you change the torque on the wheels depending on the speed at which you are traveling, torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. C. Each gear has its own ratio of rpm, which is revolutions per minute, which is a measure of the frequency of a rotation, it annotates the number of turns completed in one minute around a fixed axis. D. The clutch is a mechanical device that provides for the transmission of power ( usually motion) from one component (the driving member) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but can be disengaged.
Mass can also be defined as how much inertia something has. The second law of motion says: “A net force acting on an object causes
It can be expressed as a mathematical equation: or FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION 3. “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard. The rocket's action is to
Analysis Isaac Newton is said to be one of the greatest physicists who has ever lived. It was from him that came some of the most significant and important theories, concepts, and laws in Physics, one of which is the Laws of Motion. In this particular experiment, we focused more on Newton’s second law of motion. The second law of motion states that if a net external force acts on a body, the body accelerates. The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.
If true stress is plotted against true strain, the rate of strain hardening tends to become almost uniform, that is, the curve becomes almost a straight line [2]. The strain hardening coefficient of work is defined as the gradient of the straight part of the line. This is closely related to the shear modulus [2]. Therefore, a metal with a high shear modulus will have a high strain or work hardening coefficient. Grain size will also influence strain hardening, and a material with small grain size will strain harden more rapidly than the same material with a larger grain size.
The oscillating motion of a spring is caused by the stretching or compression of it. As the spring is stretched then released, it will exert a force, pushing back the mass until it reaches its amplitude of its motion. The amplitude can then be used in Hooke’s Law in order to understand the manner in which the spring exerts a force on the mass attached to it which is F=kx; ‘x’ being the equilibrium point, ‘k’ being the spring constant and ‘F’ being the restoring force. Hooke’s law states that the further the spring is stretched from its equilibrium point, the greater the force the spring will exert towards its equilibrium point. Because ‘F’ and ‘x’ are directly proportional, a graph of ‘F’ vs ‘x’ is a line with slope ‘k’ A mass on a spring is a simple harmonic oscillator which is an object that oscillates the equilibrium point and experiences a restoring force proportional to the object’s displacement.
Also, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force acting against it. With the exception of gravity, the electromagnetic force is the force responsible for practically all the encounters in daily life above the nuclear scale. Roughly speaking, all the forces involved in interactions between atoms can be explained by the electromagnetic force acting on the electrically charged atomic nuclei and electrons inside and around the atoms, together with how these particles carry momentum by their movement. This includes the forces we experience in pushing or pulling ordinary material objects, which come from the intermolecular forces between the individual molecules in our bodies and those in the objects. With the exception of gravity, electromagnetic phenomena as described by quantum electrodynamics account for almost all physical phenomena observable to the human senses, including light and other electromagnetic radiation, all of chemistry, most of mechanics (excepting gravitation), and, of course, magnetism and electricity.