Phraseology Essay

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Phraseology is a branch of lexicology studying phraseological units. Phraseological units are classified in accordance with several criteria. In the classification proposed by acad. Vinogradov phraseological units are classified according to the semantic principle, the relationship between the meaning of the whole unit and the meaning of its components. Three groups are distinguished: phraseological fusions (сращения), phraseological unities (единства), phraseological combinations (сочетания). 1. Phraseological fusions are non-motivated. fussions - are word - groups with a completely changed meaning but, in contrast to the units, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning can’t be deduced from the meanings of its constituent parts.to kiss the hare’s foot (опаздывать), the king’s picture (фальшиваямонета). 2. Phraseological unities are motivated through the image expressed in the whole construction, the metaphores on which they are based are transparent: to turn over a new leaf, to dance on a tight rope.in sink or swim - "fail or succeed". 3. Phraseological combinations are motivated; one of their components is used in its direct meaning while the other can be used figuratively: bosom friend, to get in touch with. To make an attempt – to try;To make haste – to hurry;To offer an apology – to beg pardon. Prof. Koonin’s classification is based on the function of the phraseological unit in communication. Phraseological units are classified into: nominative, nominative-communicative, interjectional, communicative. 1. Nominative phraseological units are units denoting objects, phenomena, actions, states, qualities. They can be: a) substantive – a snake in the grass (змеяподколодная), b) adjectival – long in the tooth (старый);c) adverbial –as quick as a flash;d) prepositional – with an eye to (снамерением), at the head of. 2. Nominative-communicative units
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