Hormones, internal secretions that help to control important body processes are also transported by blood to target organs. White blood cells are collectively called leukocytes and they play a major role in fighting infections and diseases. Blood helps to regulate the temperature in the body by absorbing large quantities of heat produced by the liver and the muscles; this is then transported around the body to help maintain a constant internal
These features are brought about through chemical/inflammatory mediators released from damaged tissues. The main effects of these mediators are on the blood supply, causing vasodilation (redness and heat) and increased blood vessel permeability that allow plasma proteins and immunoglobulins to pass easily into the tissues. “Pressure or nerve endings from the interstitial fluid and the effect of some inflammatory mediators such as substance P and prostaglandins that cause pain” (Dobson, 1999). In our case inflammation of a toe might be acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is a rapid response to an injurious agent that serves to deliver mediators of host defense—leukocytes and plasma proteins—to the site of injury.
Cardiovascular system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout our body and removal of metabolic wastes such as (carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes). Protections of the human body by while blood cells, antibodies and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend our body against foreign microbes and toxic. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the human body from blood loss after injuries. Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH and water content of
Compliance aids such as ‘spacers’ can be prescribed to help with the delivery of the medicine from an inhaler. Intramuscular (IM) injection administration The medicine is injected directly into large muscles in the body, usually the legs or bottom. This can only be performed by a doctor or trained nurse. Intravenous (IV) injection administration The medicine is administered directly into the veins. Medicines are rapidly absorbed into the body via this route, which is advantageous when a situation is life threatening.
Endocrine glands have a rich blood supply through which hormones travel to reach their target organs. Hormones alter the metabolism of target organs by increasing or decreasing their activity. These changes in activity are strictly balanced to maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment). Many endocrine glands are linked to neural control centers by homeostatic feedback mechanisms. The two types of feedback mechanisms are negative feedback and positive feedback.
Introduction Caffeine is a stimulant and diuretic. Caffeine binds to cell surface receptors of heart muscle cells, mimicking the effect of epinephrine. Binding of caffeine to these surface receptors blocks the enzyme that degrades intracellular cyclic AMP and thus leads to an increase of cyclic AMP inside the heart muscle cell. Alcohol is produced through anaerobic fermentation by yeast or bacteria. When alcohol is consumed it quickly enters the bloodstream and is distributed to all major organs in the body, such as the heart, brain, liver, pancreas, kidney, etc.
It is a series of physical reactions that transform liquid blood into a gel that forms a secure patch over the damaged blood vessel. Coagulation has three main stages: Formation of factor x and prothrombinase, Prothrombin is converted to thrombin and finally Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. The clot is formed by these stages. It is then strengthened by a process called Clot Retraction. This is here platelets in the clot contract pulling on the fibrin strands that they are attached to.
P4: Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body. Cardiovascular System This system transports materials to the liver and body cells through the bloodstream that is pumped by the heart. Blood Blood is a liquid tissue made up of; plasma, platelets, white and red blood cells and is necessary for every part of the body. The blood contains many different materials and cells and there is fluid called plasma which contains many substances dissolved in it. Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine.
Small blood cells called platelets then stick to the site of injury and spread along the surface of the blood vessel to stop the bleeding. They release chemical signals that attract other cells to the area and make them join together to form a platelet plug. On the surface of these activated platelets, many different clotting factors work together in a series of chemical reactions which is known as the coagulation cascade. Thin strands of a protein called fibrin form a mesh and trap blood cells and platelets to form a solid clot. There are a few conditions that have an effect on the clotting process.
* REDUCE STRESS – TRY TO AVOID THINGS THAT CAUSE YOU STRESS. OFTEN, A SINGLE BLOOD PRESSURE DRUG MAY NOT BE ENOUGH TO CONTROL YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE, AND YOU MAY NEED TO TAKE TWO OR MORE DRUGS. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU TAKE THE MEDICATIONS PRESCRIBED TO YOU. FOLLOW YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS RECOMMENDATIONS TO MODIFY, TREAT, OR CONTROL POSSIBLE CAUSES OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. WRITE A CONCLUSION IN WHICH YOU EXPLAIN IN ONE PARAGRAPH WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT IN DOING THIS ASSIGNMENT AND HOW IT HAS CHANGED THE WAY IN WHICH YOU WILL VIEW LIFESTYLE DISEASE OR BEHAVIOUR IN THE FUTURE FROM THIS ASSIGNMENT, I HAVE LEARNT THAT BLOOD PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE THE BLOOD EXERTS AGAINST THE BLOOD VESSEL WALLS AS THE HEART PUMPS.