PTSD The definition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an individual that has been exposed and diagnosed to any kind of threat of physical harm that encourages feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Some researchers suggest that PTSD is a common outcome of head trauma, whereas others hold that it is a rare or nonexistent outcome (Boake, 1996; Sbordone & Liter, 1995). As a common outcome of head trauma, some cognitive injuries may occur: Sleep difficulties, diminished interests, irritability, poor concentration and exaggerated startle response, to the more problematic symptoms of: Memory loss or forgetfulness, difficulty with attention, speed of information processing and problem solving.
Methods: Arthroscopic examination of deranged TMJs was performed on 75 patients with limited jaw opening and correlated with the history of the derangement. Results: A progressive maturation of adhesion formation was observed with longer standing symptoms. A different adhesion pattern was noted with derangement caused by direct trauma on the joint. Conclusions: Internal derangement of the TMJ is associated with formation of intra-articular adhesions. These are unlikely to be associated with reduced condyle movement in the early phase of the derangement.
Describe and evaluate explanations for forgetting There are several explanations as to why we forget particular information in an ‘everyday’ context. This essay will examine the different explanations of forgetting – specifically trace decay, displacement, interference and cue dependent forgetting. Forgetting from short term memory is usually due to lack of availability as STM has limited capacity& duration. Forgetting from long term memory is due to lack of accessibility, the information is still there due to LTM’s unlimited capacity and duration, but at the point of recall it is inaccessible to the person. One explanation of forgetting from short term memory is called trace decay which assumes that memories leave a trace in the brain.
Some children develop pebbly or ivory colored skin lesions on the upper arms, legs and back. The degree of advancement is different in each individual, and the range is very broad in the types and severity of symptoms (National MPS Society, 2014). The extent of mental retardation and life expectancy are two of the highest concerns related to Hunter Syndrome. Those with the disease that are not mentally retarded have lived into their 20’s and 30’s. Reports show some have lived to be sixty.
According to National Institute of Health concluded that, Pharmacological treatment may be useful for acute and transitional insomnia. Despite of many positive outcomes of randomized clinical trials of hypnotics drugs have several long term side effects, such as impairment in memory and psychomotor, dependency and tolerance issue. 5The overall rate of prescribed medication for insomnia fell by 24 % between 1987 and 1996.3 Moreover, FDA approved hypnotics use declined by 54% in the treatment of Insomnia, while the use of trazodone and other antidepressants medications rose by 146%. 3 This trend continued through 2002, such that trazodone became the most frequently used medication for the treatment of insomnia and there are other antidepressants, antipsychotic and sedatives gain favor for the treatment of insomnia.4 The preferential use of off label medication for insomnia suggests that there must be substantial evidence supporting this practice. One of the studies was performed in Somerset West, to measure the effect of trazodone 100 mg, as compared to placebo on objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality in depressed patients.6 In this single blind, placebo controlled cross over study one group of eleven patients aged 35-75 years with the diagnosis of nonorganic insomnia related to major depressive episode were included and compared with the same age of control group.6 Patients were also essential to meet DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of nonorganic insomnia related to major depressive disorder.6 Patient with history of substance or alcohol abuse and trazodone hypersensitivity, significant medical disorders, pregnant and lactating women were excluded from this study.6 During the study patients were not allow to use of sedatives, antidepressants, narcotics or anticholinergic.6 Patients were inspected adaptation night, followed by placebo/baseline night and Trazodone, 100
About the age of 20 to 30 is when the symptoms are noticed by the abnormalities in the brain. E. Transition: We now know how OCD is believed caused by damage receptor sites in the brain, but what are the symptoms of an OCD patient. III. Main Point 2 (1:30) A. Intro to point: OCD symptoms vary in many different forms.
Most people recover from mild TBIs quickly and fully (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Some people may experience residual headaches, agitated moods, and periods of sleeplessness. Severe TBIs can be put in two different category groups: closed injuries-are injuries to the brain caused by movement of the brain within the skull. Examples of this type of injury are falls, motor vehicle accidents, or being struck by or with a blunt object in the head (Centers for Disease Control, 2014a). Penetrating injuries-are injuries to the brain caused by a foreign object entering the skull.
Autism is a condition that continues from infancy through adulthood. Discuss the most effective treatment programs as well as those in experimentation. A Study on Schizophrenia and Its Treatment Patients with schizophrenia seem to lose their energy, their ambition, their will to live, and nothing seems to be important to them. Oftentimes they will withdraw from people and stay fairly isolated. There are many opinions on how best to treat this yet puzzling disease.
COPD, also known as emphysema or chronic bronchitis dates back to 1814 when Badham described chronic cough and mucus hyper secretion as symptoms. Although COPD is a disease recognized to affect mainly smokers, it also occurs in non-smokers as well (Petty, Thomas L., 2006). COPD is a major cause of a number of disabilities and the fourth leading cause of death among Americans. COPD is a slow developing disease. There currently is no cure for COPD however, treatment and lifestyle changes can help patients to feel better and slow down the advancement of the disease.
Other possible causes include exposure to noise, diseases, drugs, stress, and head injuries. An estimated 45 million Americans are suffering from tinnitus, according to the American Tinnitus Association. The Deutsche Tinnitus-Liga in Germany estimates that 19 million Germans are struggling with the condition, while the British Tinnitus Association estimates about 10 percent of the UK population have tinnitus. This condition can happen to anyone as a result of noise exposure, such as being in a concert, but it normally disappears after a few