Epithelial Tissue: Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers. This tissue is specialised to form the covering or lining of all internal and external body surfaces. Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of the body is known as endothelium. Epithelial cells are packed tightly together, with almost no intercellular spaces and only a small amount of intercellular substance.
The shape of a cell is related to its function because of the adaptations made throughout time to make the cell as efficient as it can be. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic cells, which are generally plant and animal cells and prokaryotic cells which relate to bacteria and fungi, which undergo asexual production. Plants are anchored into the ground by roots. The function of roots is the transportation of water and mineral ions from the soil into the xylem to transport around the plant. The roots have an outer layer of cells called root hair cells that have a specific shape that makes the uptake of water and mineral ions more efficient.
The first plate had two colonies both larger spots that were across the plate from each other growing on the sides or ledges of the plate. The second dish also had either one large colony, or two smaller ones that had grown together fusing to create one large colony, on the ledge of the plate. The third plate did not have any growth. The forth plates exhibited too many colonies to count; there was a lawn of growth, a fuzzy white covering of bacteria that stretched across
Although they are eukaryotes like plants and animals, the major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose. Fungi lack the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis and must therefore live as parasites or saprophytes Parasites: plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host. Parasites may or may not harm the host, but they never benefit it. They include members of many plant and animal groups, and nearly all living things are at some time hosts to parasitic forms. Many bacteria are parasitic on external and internal body surfaces; some of these invade the inner tissues and cause disease.
Not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane. Appear in several shapes; bacillus rod-like, coccus spherical or ovoid, spiral corkscrew or curved star-shaped or square. Individual bacteria may form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings; such formations are usually characteristic of a particular genus or species of bacteria. Bacteria grown in a given time in media are called a culture. A pure culture is often a clone, a population of cells from a single
The cell wall protects the cell's plasma membrane. Outside the cell wall there is just a thin layer of pectin, wax and cutin to provide some padding, called the middle lamella. In some plants a secondary cell wall forms in the plants adult stages as an extra protection - this wall again is mostly made up of cellulose. Starch can be found in two forms. One is amylose an unbranched polysaccharide with 1-4 glycosidic bonds.
Most fungi are generally unnoticeable because of the small size. Fungi are generally found in soil or on dead matter but also as symbiotic (a mutual relationship where both as an individual benefit) of plants animals or other fungi. Mushrooms or molds are more
Fungi Unlike bacteria and viruses, fungi are simple plant-like organisms which reproduce using spores. There are three types of fungal infections; ones which occur on the surface of the skin and hair; those which occur in the epidermis (such as ringworm and athlete's foot) and those which affect the deeper layers of skin – the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and fascia. Fungi may reach these layers as a result of penetrating wounds, or may be inhaled. Parasites Parasites differ from bacteria in that they need a living host to survive and reproduce, although not all parasites affect the host. Parasites can be acquired through contact with a contaminated surface, via infected water or food and through contact with contaminated bodily fluids such as blood, faecal matter and sexual contact.
What is E. coli? Escherichia coli (E. coli) are gram-negative bacteria that can survive in an environment with or without air (facultative anaerobes) and, depending on the environment, may or may not produce thin hair-like structures (flagella or pili) that allow the bacteria to move and to attach to human cells. These bacteria commonly live in the intestines of people and animals worldwide. There are many strains (over 700 serotypes) of E. coli. Most of the E. coli are normal inhabitants of the small intestine and colon and do not cause disease in the intestines (non-pathogenic).
7. Archaega does not have cell wall but they do compose of peptidoglycan molecules with the exception of methanobacteria who have pseudo peptidoglycan in their cell wall. 8. There are three main types of archaea: the crenarchaeota which are characterized by their ability to tolerate extremes in temperature and acidity. The euryarchaeota which include methane-producers and salt-lovers; and the korarchaeota catch-all group for archaeans about which very little is known.