Partial Defenses for Murder

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Discuss the extent to which recent reforms to murder in the Coroners and Justice act 2009 are a change for the better but have not necessarily satisfied those who campaigned for change. The defence of Loss of self-control (LSC) came into force in October 2010 under the Coroners and Justice act (2009), this replaced the old defence of provocation, which was confusing and out of date, under s.56 of the above statute, the new defence is narrower than the old defence of provocation which was seen as too lenient on those who kill out of anger. for example in the case of Doughty (1986) where the old defence allowed D a defence for anger when a 17 day old baby was crying, this case clearly shows that the old law contrasted parliaments intentions and in so doing created injustice. However LSC may be proved to be more available to those who kill out of fear of violence whereas provocation was more severe on those. For LSC one requirement under s.54 (1)(a) is that the killing by D must result from D’s loss of self-control, Any loss of control need not be sudden as defined in the case of Duffy and included in s.54(2), but it must be temporary (but not long term or permanent or it would amount to insanity) whereas it was quite the opposite for provocation this principle is demonstrated in Ibrams and Gregory (1981) where the D’s were convicted of murder as there was a five day gap before the murder meaning there was no sudden LSC, however the new defence is not available either as there was premeditation in this case. This requirement also allows ‘slow burn’ situations as demonstrated in R v Ahluwalia (1992) and Hobson (1998) The defence of LSC also requires the presence of one or both qualifying triggers as set out in s.55 of the C&J act 2009. For trigger one to be present, D’s LSC must be attributable to D’s fear of serious violence from V against D or another
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