Parasitic Plants Essay

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Parasitic plant A parasitic plant is one that derives some or all of its sustenance from another plant. About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are known.[1] Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem, phloem, or both. Classification Parasitic plants are characterized as follows: * 1a. Obligate parasite – a parasite that cannot complete its life cycle without a host. * 1b. Facultative parasite – a parasite that can complete its life cycle independent of a host. * 2a. Stem parasite – a parasite that attaches to the host stem. * 2b. Root parasite – a parasite that attaches to the host root. Holoparasite Hyobanche sanguinea, Richtersfeld, Namaqualand, northern cape, South Africa * 3a. Holoparasite – a plant that is completely parasitic on other plants and has virtually no chlorophyll. * 3b. Hemiparasite – a plant that is parasitic under natural conditions and is also photosynthetic to some degree. Hemiparasites may just obtain water and mineral nutrients from the host plant. Many obtain at least part of their organic nutrients from the host as well. For hemiparasites, one from each of the three sets of terms can be applied to the same species, e.g. * Nuytsia floribunda (Western Australian Christmas tree) is an obligate root hemiparasite. * Rhinanthus (e.g. Yellow rattle) is a facultative root hemiparasite. * Mistletoe is an obligate stem hemiparasite. Holoparasites are always obligate so only two terms are needed, e.g. * Dodder is a stem holoparasite. * Hydnora spp. are root holoparasites. Plants usually considered holoparasites include broomrape, dodder, Rafflesia, and Hydnoraceae. Plants usually considered hemiparasites include Castilleja, mistletoe, Western Australian Christmas tree and yellow rattle. Seed germination

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