Reaction rate is affected by any catalysts present (which speed up the reaction usually with an intermediate step), temperature (increases the number of particles collisions), concentration (increases the number of collisions), and surface area (increases the space available for collisions). Reactions can only occur when collisions take place. The most generic form of the rate law is Rate = K * [A]m * [B]n where (k is a constant specific to an equation and temperature). Now, the compounds A and B might not have any effect on the rate, which would cause them to drop out of the equation completely, or they might have so much effect that they are raised an order (squaring the concentration). The rate law for this reaction is k [CV+]m[OH-]n. Since the hydroxide ion concentration at the beginning is about 1000 times larger than the concentration of crystal violet, [OH-] will not change that much during this
A con is the higher risk of destruction of normal body flora. Drug allergy, drug toxicity, and creation of resistant microorganisms are also facts that need to be taken into consideration. Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials can only target either Gram-negative or Gram-positive microorganisms or a small variety of microorganisms at the time used. A con is that the bacteria have to be indentified first, before treatment can start. The pros are the reduced risk of creating resistant microorganisms and less chance of harming the host.
Also, the more stable the free radical that is left behind, the weaker its C-H bond strength will be. The difference between the bromine and chlorine product ratios can be partially explained by the Hammond postulate, which states that species with similar energy levels also have more similar structures and react more quickly and less selectively. In the experiment, five different hydrocarbons were tested to measure the rate of reaction with the addition of bromine. Two trials were done, one with the test tubes containing the hydrocarbons and added bromine sitting directly under a lamp, and another with the test tubes in a closed, dark space. Both trials contained a
d. Their values get larger as the temperature is increased. e. An order equal to zero means there is no concentration dependence with rate. 2. The gas phase reaction A + B C has a reaction rate which is experimentally observed to follow the relationship rate = k[A]2[B]. The overall order of the reaction a. is first.
When adjusting the controls, what happens to the blood pH when you lower the PCO2? You correctly answered: a. The pH increases. 2. In uncompensated respiratory alkalosis, the You correctly answered: b. carbon dioxide levels of the blood are low.
The reason for this I concluded, was the collision theory. At the higher molarities of Potassium Iodide there were too many moles and therefore too many collisions were happening. Therefore the product was being made almost instantly. When I reduced the concentration of the reaction this meant there were less particles of iodide in the system so the reaction was happening slower. I also lowered the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide 0.017M.
The half reactions for this system are: Oxidation of 〖Fe〗^(2+): 〖Fe〗^(2+)→ 〖Fe〗^(3+)+1e^- Reduction of 〖MnO〗_4^-: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5e^-→ 〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Which produces the following overall equation: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5〖Fe〗^(2+)→5〖Fe〗^(3+)+〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Equilibrium is initially obtained at a very slow rate, therefore the titration is carried out in the presence of excess sulphuric acid (H_2 〖SO〗_4) at a high temperature; in order to drastically increase the rate at which equilibrium is attained. Potassium permanganate acts as its own satisfactory indicator since the reagent 〖MnO〗_4^- anion appears to be an intense purple colour while the product 〖Mn〗^(2+) cation has a colourless appearance. However, the end point must be read quickly as the permanganate end point gradually fades due to the 〖MnO〗_4^- reacting with the 〖Mn〗^(2+) that was formed during the titration. When performing the titration, one must be cautious as side reactions can occur and these side reactions must be prevented using appropriate chemical measures. If an insufficient amount of acid was
This leads to the oxidation of neurons when dopamine accidentally enters the serotonin axons through reuptake transporters (Sferios, 2002). This occurs because serotonin is heavily depleted from the synapse while dopamine levels are still high (Sferios, 2002). After dopamine enters the presynaptic neuron cells, it is broken down by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) into hydrogen peroxide (Sferios, 2002). Both dopamine and hydrogen peroxide are toxic to the cell and cause this oxidation effect (Sferios, 2002). Usually these neurons die and regrowth is unlikely.
Standardized Vs. Non-Standardized Supplements James Black HW:205 Kaplan University When we think of herbs or supplements we might think is there a difference really. There is the standardized and the non-standard. Maybe from a consumer point of view the ability to get lost in which is which can tend to be a bit easy. Many might think that the standard would be all natural or what everyone takes. While the non-standard is just what is made in a lab well that is at least what I once thought.
Tylenol is a widely renown drug used for headaches, fever, and pains. The product’s active ingredient is Acetaminophen, which is not patented and thus is used in many other medications. Tylenol is considered a normal good. People would much rather prefer the brand name that is more commonly seen, rather than the CVS-brand Acetaminophen which is essentially the same. However, income is the main factor that will decide the average consumer’s decision.