They believe that securely attached infants would become autonomous adults; these know the importance of their past relationships and can recall positive and negative experiences. Those that had insecure attachments would fall into the dismissing or preoccupied category. They would see their childhood experiences as either unimportant and dismiss them or as important but cannot resolve issues. Using the AAI, Hamilton (1994) studied 30 adolescents and found a strong correlation between infant attachment type and adult attachment type. Similarly Steinberg (1990) found that securely attached adolescents were more likely to maintain healthy relationships with their parents than those classified as dismissive or preoccupied.
The child is given information about themselves A study supporting bowlby’s theory is McCarthy. He found that avoidant-insecure infants were more likely to have romantic problems later on in life, and that resistant insecure infants were more likely to have friendship problems. This supports the continuity hypothesis. However, Rutter et al contradicts Bowlbys theory as he found that adopted or abandoned infants were able to form attachments later in life, in effect this contradicts the existence of the critical period. Bowlbys theory is deterministic, as it states that our behaviour in adulthood is a result of
Assignment 4: Resilience and the Community (1) Minority Little Brothers and Sisters showed a much more dramatic lowering effect in their likelihood to use drugs than those who were not in ethnic groups mainly because of the factor of community and culture. Minority or ethnic groups are often tied to cultures wherein family and kin are important values and support systems . Ties with family are strong and the children are socialized to look at the family as the primary caregiver. Minority Little Brothers and Sisters respond well and in this case , much better than non-ethnic Little Brothers and Sisters because of their expectations and perceptions about family and sources of support Viewing a Big Brother or Big Sister as a family member
Here four child-rearing patterns were identified permissive: parents who are available as resources but non-intrusive, authoritative: parents who encourage rational explanation to promote independence, nonconformist: parents who provide only a child’s basic needs and are otherwise neglectful and authoritarian: parents who value forceful imposition and obedience. According to Baumrinds findings child-rearing pattens have significant influence on the way in which a child develops both socially and cognitively which “many researchers have confirmed” (oates, Lewis, Lamb pg 36). She also brought to attention the capacity of two-way influences between child-parent/primary caregiver relationships. This research could be portrayed as a modification to attachment theory as the “parenting style” the writer feels could also be seen as the “consistent experience of a certain kind of primary attachment relationship” which was at the very foundation of Bowlbsy attachment theory as he viewed this to be a key component in the development of the
Asian American parenting is extremely different from the white middle class, but that doesn’t also typically include demining and unloving coercion (Seal 2). Parental involvement is a major quality for a Asian American child. Asian American parents have higher expectations for
They measured emotional and social competence at ages 4, 8 and 16. The study found that at the children who were restored to their real parents were less likely to have formed attachments with their original families, but adopted children were as closely attached to their adoptive parents as the control group. However both the groups of ex-institutionalised children had problems with peer relationships. These findings suggest that their early privation had a negative effect on the ability to form relationships. This supports bowlby’s theory that failure to form attachments has an irreversible effect on emotional development.
Cultural deprivation theorists would blame this on the lack of parental guidence and encouragment to succeed in education. This could of been developed from the results of an experiment A famous experiment was one carried out by Willis Douglas. He claimed that parental interest was the most important factor; he claimed that middle class parents had higher expectations than working class parents and they attatched higher values. Along with providing more support for their children. This was seen to increase
It has been found that working class parents are less likely to give their children educational toys or read to them. They also have less stimulation on thinking and reasoning skills. This has a negative effect on the intellectual development of their children; therefore when working class pupils begin school, they are at a disadvantage compared to middle class pupils, whose parents have a high intellectual stimulation on their children. However, the gap between middle class advantage and working class disadvantage is narrow and so this may not have as much of an impact as implied. Another way in which cultural deprivation may lead to educational underachievement is due to the different speech codes used by middle class and working class people.
At an early age boys tend to be more aggressive than girls, due to the ability to socialize being easier for girls than for boys thereby, creating gender difference in antisocial behavior. Also at an earlier age girls are more apt to show empathy and guilt than males. This difference may also include parenting and the way the parents respond to a difficult child, the mother being more empathetic to the child than the
Also parents had to give a description of the capability of that child and if they did know then the professionals were unable to help. In my opinion this is a much better way of working together as all families can be helped in the best way. The “Department of Education” also outlines that the “Multi-agency working provides benefits for children, young people and families because they receive tailor-made support in the most efficient way”. Department of education (Accessed 20.12.12) they go one to say about the ways in which this co-operation is best fitted in this work ethic. One key example is early intervention; they are able to intervene with a situation almost immediately depending if the evidence gathered and shared to other professionals shows the Childs safety is being compromised.