Odyssey Book 13

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Ben Runchey May 9, 2012 Book 13 Journal Entry 5 Pay very close attention to the speech of Poseidon complaining of the success of Odysseus in Phaeacia (lines 165-170). What is the meaning of the transformation of the Phaeacian ship into stone? What is the meaning of Odysseus’ meeting with Athena upon his arrival to Ithaca? What does she advise? Poseidon turns the Phaeacian ship into stone to punish the Phaeacians for their obligations of assisting travelers and wayfarers. This raises an exception to xenos, the Greek moral code of hospitality. Zeus, throughout the Odyssey enforces this moral code and punishes those who do not follow its provisions. In book 13 he goes against this, as he approves of Poseidon’s punishment of the Phaeacians, who anger Poseidon by practicing good xenos and helping all travelers, including Odysseus, return home. Zeus says- “Earth shaker, you with your massive power, why moaning so? The gods don’t disrespect you. What a stir there’d be If they flung abuse at the oldest, noblest of them all Those mortals? If any man, so lost in his strength and prowess, pays you no respect- just pay him back. The power is always yours Do what you like. Whatever warms your heart.” (Lines 159-165) This code of xenos seems to only apply when upset gods are not involved. Zeus’ approval of the Phaeacians punishment shows that human concerns are usually not the cause for conflict between gods. The gods instead use deception, alliances, and careful diplomatic negotiation to play out power struggles as opposed to open conflict. This is especially apparent when Zeus states, “The gods don’t disrespect you. What a stir there’d be” (Line 160). He is saying that no god will openly insult or disrespect Poseidon as there would be a fight of epic proportions if two gods were to square off in open conflict. Meanwhile Odysseus meets Athena in Ithaca.

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