Second, the participants were deceived. According to ethical code of researches, participants should be completely informed what would take place during the experiment in the inform consent form before the experiment, but the researchers did not properly address all the situations to the participants. The violence was completely not expectable by the participants. From the perspective of ethical issue, it was wrong to conduct this experiment, but from the perspective of research, it is right to conduct this experiment. Therefore, I would say that it is worthy to conduct this experiment because the outcomes of experiment are very useful for the discovery of human behaviors.
Many considered the studies to be inhumane due to the methods used and felt that the studies could have been conducted in a more reasonable manner. To begin the process of gathering participants for the study, Milgram put up posters and advertisements in various places. These posters were very enticing in that they
The lab experiment can also be said to be unrepresentative because it is mostly a study on small scale. This does not represent everyone in the group therefore it is impossible to generalise. Also the participants know they are being studied leading to the Hawthorne effect as they may change their behaviour. A practical problem of laboratory experiments is that it is impossible to control all the variables. This is because society is very complex making it hard to
Society’s reasons are also often scientific. Loneliness is dangerous, is the generally agreed idea. Time spent alone is also time where she cannot control the patients, where there could think and maybe come to question her system. She clearly does not want that! McMurphy is delighted to ridicule her.
When in a lab, validity can be effect because then people know they are being watched, they try and act differently because they know they are being watched which can be same as Demand Characteriscs and where on the field, they might not let the people know which might be seen as a ethical issue. An example of a lab experiment is Milligram when he pretended to shock people when they got it wrong to see if the person who was shocking them would go through with shocking them higher and higher each time. Lab experiments are favoured by Positivist because they involve the use of quantitive data which means that they would rather see the figures and fact of the sample and where as anti-positivest favour the field experiments because then they can look at small scale interactions and then they can gather qualitative data and then this means that they would rather use words . Being in a lab would be easy because you can control all the conditions. Being said, field experiments can involve risk for both participant and the
This affected the results of the experiment because it shows that we go along with group or an authority figure when we are being pressured instead of standing up for what we as individuals think is right from our individual point of view. An example that would support my evaluation based upon group pressure and conformity would be when US soldiers took Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq in 2003. These soldiers took these prisoners and abused and humiliated them. These soldiers abused and humiliated these prisoners because they we told by a higher command to do so. These soldiers feared if they didn’t do what they were told they would face consequences.
For example it would be almost impossible to control the variables that may influence a situation and although being able to control the environment/variables may seem like a good thing all its creating is an artificial environment. This is the reason why field experiments are better favored by an interpritivist as an experimental method. There are also many ethical issues regarding the conduction of experiments on human beings as informed consent is necessary from the participants and it is difficult or impossible to get consent of somebody who has learning difficulties or is a baby. Many sociologists choose not
Most continued after being assured that they would not be held responsible. A few subjects began to laugh nervously or exhibit other signs of extreme stress once they heard the screams of pain coming from the learner. The result of the experiment is hard to believe many people would obey the order from the authority even though it is against the social moral or ethic. 2> There were a lot of things unethical about this experiment. The main one is that the participants were lied to
While the common conception is that free will is glorious and without error or care, the opposite is true. Decisions greatly task the mind, which is concerned about consequence and the numerous outcomes when making a choice. Here or there, this or that; any option will confuse and weigh upon the human mind. Connecting back to previous statements about children’s ignorance of what is acceptable, a child would have even more dilemmas when given freedom from routines because of their lack of world experience. The numerous uncertainties from this freedom and ignorance can be overwhelming and cause individuals to feel uneasy about their current state.
They are afraid that if they do not obey their leader they will be punished. This is identical to the autocratic approach we discussed in class where the leader tends to centralize the authority and gains their power from their position. In the short-term, these methods may be effective, but they can quickly lead to sabotage when no one is looking or when the threat is no longer present. The second type of power is utility power. In utility power, followers follow because of some benefit they receive.