Also mentioned, is the increased risk of localized hypothermia and risk for infection as wet gauze to the wound can cause vasoconstriction and in theory, also decrease leukocyte mobility and efficiency of phagocytes. Gauze fibers may also be retained in the wound bed further increasing risk of infection. Lastly, the author suggests that the use of wet to dry dressings are not cost effective since they are labor intensive, require secondary dressings to contain exudate, and usually require nursing care within the community. The article closes by saying that further research is needed to fully understand the impact that dressing selection has in wound healing but suggests that practitioners should question the continued use of wet to dry dressings. Currently, Greenville Hospital System’s policy for healing of wounds by second intention is best met with the use of wet to dry dressings.
C) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? There are macrophages presents (wandering phagocytes) that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar space. D) How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? The lung capacity is decreased because the air space is already filled with mucus and fluids therefore she can’t take in enough oxygen. The extra mucus and fluids put extra pressure on the lungs.
Without a blood supply, the affected skin becomes starved of oxygen and nutrients and begins to break down, leading to an ulcer forming. Pressure ulcers tend to affect people with health conditions that make it difficult to move, especially those confined to lying in a bed or sitting for prolonged periods of time. Conditions that affect the flow of blood through the body, such as type 2 diabetes, can also make a person more vulnerable to pressure ulcers. Learn more about the causes of pressure ulcers. Who is affected?
If there is a large amount of fluid, it may prevent the lung from expanding when you breathe in. This can make it hard to breathe. Other symptoms of pleural effusion include fever, chest pain, and a dry cough. The most common cause of Pleurisy is a viral infection. Another cause of Pleurisy is when air leaks into the pleural cavity from a hole in the lung, which is known as pneumothorax.
CLD results from lung injury to newborns who must use a mechanical ventilator and extra oxygen for breathing. The lungs of premature babies are fragile and are easily damaged. With injury, the tissues inside the lungs become inflamed and can break down causing scarring. This scarring can result in difficulty breathing and increased oxygen needs. Some of the causes of lung injury include the following: •prematurity - the lungs, especially the air sacs, are not fully developed •low amounts of surfactant (a substance in the lungs that helps keep the tiny air sacs open) •oxygen use (high concentrations of oxygen can damage the cells of the lungs) •mechanical ventilation - the pressure of air from breathing machines, suctioning of the airways, use of an endotracheal tube (ET tube - a tube placed in the trachea and connected to a breathing machine) Who is affected by chronic lung disease?
(Murray, pg.2) As a nurse you deal with a lot of physical, mental and emotional stress. The stressed nurse may show physical sign of stress such as high blood pressure, headaches, nausea, chest pains and fatigue to just name a few. The behavioral signs are becoming withdrawn, under or over eating, and becoming accident prone and careless. (Murray, pg.4) The emotional signs of a nurse who may not be managing there stress are irritable, angers easily, depression and anxious. These symptoms can compromise the care of a patient or patients if not managed correctly.
Abstract Medication errors are a significant issue affecting patient safety and costs in hospitals often posing dangerous consequences for patients. It is important to understand that analysis of medication errors can help healthcare professionals and managers identify why medication errors occurs and provide insight into how to make improvements to prevent or reduce them. There are several types of medication errors such as wrong dosage, wrong patient, wrong route, wrong time, or wrong medication. Medication Errors A medication error can be defined as a blunder in the treatment procedure that has led to or can potentially result in adverse effects on the patient’s health (Spath, 2011). This terminology refers to the process of treatment falling below the required standard.
Here are some of the potential hazards that may cause harm to individuals: 1. Hazards in the physical environment: Your physical environment is everything around you and can have a great impact on the welfare of staff and patients. * Poor ventilation can increase the spread of diseases, such as cold and flu, which are airborne. However caution is needed to make sure that this doesn’t mean people are left in a draught as it is more difficult for more vulnerable patients, such as babies and older people, to maintain their body heat. Ventilation is also important to reduce fumes and smoke in the air so that a person’s health is not at risk.
The secondary cause is related to an existing infection or disease. Each of these are caused by different irritants that result in the same disruption of normal perfusion. The attacks on the lung lead to alveolar inflammation and edema that causes low ventilation and blood and fluid to be pushed into the capillaries. This leads to a stasis in the lung’s gas perfusion and creates a pressure that makes it harder for the individual to breath (Anatomical Chart Company, 2010, p. 100). The first signs and symptoms of any infection should immediately be put to the attention of the health care provider.
Growth of the fetus is likely to be insufficient and premature birth defects are more common with these drugs crossing the placenta, constricts the blood vessels reducing blood flow to the fetus (Agin, 2010). The reduce blood and oxygen supply to the fetus slows the growth of bones and intestine. The use of over the counter drugs and prescription drugs can act directly on the fetus causing damage and abnormal development leading to birth defect and death. It can also cause the muscles of the uterus to contact forcefully, reducing the blood to trigger pre-term labor and delivery (Agin,