If the light ray hits the boundary of the new medium (for example the edge of a glass block) at any angle which is not perpendicular to or parallel with the boundary, the light ray will change its direction through the next medium, or appear to `bend'. This is called refraction of light. It is important to note that while the speed of the light changes when it passes into the new medium, the frequency of the light remains the same. Definition 1: Refraction Refraction occurs at the boundary of two media when light travels from one medium into the other and its speed changes but its frequency remains the same. If the light ray hits the boundary at an angle which is not perpendicular to or parallel to the surface, then it will change direction and appear to `bend'.
Bright fringes occur when the path length of the light from adjacent slits to the screen is an integral multiple of the wavelength. These bright fringes or
Edward Gray NT1310 07/29/2013 Assignment 7 Reflection, Refraction and Degradation. The law of reflection states that if light hits a reflective surface at a certain angle, (angle of incidence), it will reflect or bounce off at the same angle, (angle of reflection.) A Mirror is a good example of reflection. Mirrors have smooth shiny surfaces that absorb very little light, so they reflect light in almost exactly the same pattern as it hits, which allows us to see a complete reflected image of objects. Mirrors can reflect images of objects because light rays bounce off an object, travel in a straight line to a mirror, bounce off the mirror, and then travel to the eye of an observer.
Dependent variable(s) Angle of refraction Measure the angle with a protractor. Controlled variable(s) The refractive index The position of the Perspex Trace it on a piece of paper, this is where it will be placed it it got moved. Same light source Same ray box Same protractor and unit Use the same protractor Same piece of Perspex Use only one Perspex prism Hypothesis: If a light is shone at the Perspex, then the light will be refracted because of the shape of the Perspex, and because it is pasting through a medium. If the angle of incidence and refraction was measured and calculated the refracted index would be about 1.49, since the refractive index of a substance is always the same. Equipment: - Ray box - Power supply - Wires - Perspex prism - Paper - Ruler and protractor - Single slit slide - Quadruplet slits slide - 2 colored slides Method: 1.
Specular vs. Diffuse Reflection - in diffuse, waves are reflected in many different ways form a rough surface - in specular, waves are reflected in the same direction from a smooth surface REFRACTION (light) - when one medium ends and another begins, that is called boundary - when a wave encounters a boundary that is denser, part of it is reflected and a part of it is transmitted - the frequency of the wave is not altered when crossing the boundary / barrier but the speed and wavelength are - the change in speed and wavelength can cause the wave to bend if it hits the boundary at an angle other than 90 degrees - this bending as light enters the water can cause objects under water to appear at a different location than they actually are REFRACTION (sound) - sound waves bend when passing into cooler / warmer air because the speed of sound depends in the temperature of the air - sound travels slower in cooler air REFRACTION (water) - water waves bend when they pass from deep water into shallow water, the wavelength shortens and they slow down. DIFFRACTION - involves a change in direction of waves as they pass through
We rotated the ray table until the refracted ray disappeared completely and only the reflected ray was visible. This is the angle of incidence. This gave us our angle of incidence theoretical value. From this we were also able to calculate the angle of refraction. Results
The attenuation of glass optical fiber is caused by two factors, absorption and scattering. Absorption occurs in several specific wavelengths called water bands due to the absorption by minute amounts of water vapor in the glass. Energy of this type of wave. 3. How is this type of wave created?
Purpose: When light travels through different mediums, it is being refracted. The purpose of this lab is to test Snell’s law of refraction. Hypothesis: The angles of refraction that I predicted from the angle of incidences by using Snell’s Law are below on the predicted angle Column. To obtain these values I used the index of refraction of crown glass because it is more likely close to the glass (plexiglass) that we are using. Angle of Incidence 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° Predicted angle of refraction 0 6.56° 13.0° 19.2° 25.02° 30.27° 34.74° Variables and Controls: Independent Variable: The angle of the light coming from the ray box or the angle of incidence Dependent Variable: The angle of refraction on the plexiglass.
Heat can be transferred from one place to another by three methods: conduction in solids, convection of fluids (liquids or gases), and radiation through anything that will allow radiation to pass. The method used to transfer heat is usually the one that is the most efficient. If there is a temperature difference in a system, heat will always move from higher to lower temperatures. CONDUCTION: Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature.
What is color? Color is the byproduct of the spectrum of light, as it is reflected or absorbed, as received by the human eye and processed by the human brain. Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, blue, black, etc. Color derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color is a language.