Notes on Hearing Aids for Biology

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A hearing aid is an electronic, battery-operated device that amplifies and changes sound to allow for improved communication. Hearing aids receive sound through a microphone, which then converts the sound energy to electrical energy. The amplifier increases the loudness of the signals and then converts the electrical energy back to sound. This sound leaves the hearing aid through a speaker which directs the sound down the auditory canal. Most hearing aids are placed in or near the external auditory canal. Hearing aids are particularly useful in improving the hearing and speech comprehension of people with sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged by aging, noise, illness, injury, infection, head trauma, toxic medications, or an inherited condition. Hearing aids will not restore normal hearing or eliminate background noise. A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. It bypasses damaged parts of the inner ear and electronically stimulates the auditory nerve. Part of the device is surgically implanted in the skull behind the ear and tiny electrode wires are inserted into the cochlea. The other part of the device is external and has a microphone, a speech processor (to convert sound into electrical impulses), and connecting cables. An implant does not restore or create normal hearing. Instead, it can give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and help him or her to understand speech. Unlike a hearing aid which amplifies sound, cochlear implants compensate for damaged or non-working parts of the inner ear. It electronically finds useful sounds and then sends them to the brain. A person with a cochlear implant must learn to interpret the
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