They are elongated and column shaped. The nuclei are elongated and and usually found towards the base of the cells. They form the lining of the stomach and intestines. They secrete mucus to keep the surface smooth. Ciliated Columnar Epithelium are simple columnar epithelial cells but they have fine, hair like cilia on their free surfaces.
Compound Epithelium – this type of epithelial tissue is made to withstand wear and tear. It is composed by several layers of cells which is the reason for the name of the cell. The epithelium may or may not be keratinised which contains a tough, resistant protein called keratin for example skin or unkeratinised which is what the lining of your mouth is made up of. Unstriated muscle – this is the type of muscle which still contains protein filaments but they do not lie in an orderly pattern as with striated muscle. In this type of muscle the fibres are spindle shaped and generally have a central nucleus, and dove-tail into each other.
Based on the observations below, give the name and functions of each. * Simple Cuboidal – Functions in secretion and absorption * Pseudo stratified Columnar - functions in secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action * Nonciliated Simple Columnar - functions in secretions and absorption * Stratified Squamous - function is protection * Simple Squamous - functions in filtration and diffusion and in secretion in serous membranes * Transitional - permits distension 6. How do stratified and pseudo stratified epithelia differ? Stratified epithelia are made up of multiple layers of cells. Pseudo Stratified epithelia consist of a single layer of cells where all cells are in contact with the basement membrane but do not necessarily have an apical surface.
Insoluble fibers are those that absorb water, resulting in bulkier, softer stool. While soluble fibers ferment in the large intestines, producing short-chain fatty acids that significantly contribute to overall health. Diets high in insoluble
Aided mechanical respiration can be invasive, bypassing the upper airway through a tracheotomy, an endotracheal tube or a laryngeal mask. Providing respiratory support through a nasal or a face mask is noninvasive ventilation (Baudouin and other members of the British Thoracic Society, BTS, Standards of Care Committee, 2002). The aim of this work is to review noninvasive ventilation, when to use it and how to note the progress of patients put on noninvasive ventilation. Types of noninvasive ventilation A pressure difference has to develop, phasically, across the lung for ventilation to occur. Thus creating a negative pressure in the pleural space; or creating a positive pressure within the upper airway can help patients with failing respiration (Corrado and Gorini, 2002).
Here, we encounter smooth walls of muscle and thick mucosa, where there are no villi or microvilli. No more chemical digestion will occur will only occur with the aid of bacteria, who synthesize vitamins, water and some electrolytes will be absorbed along with the vitamins. Here, the goblet cells are numerous and the crypts abundant. Goblet cells secrete mucus, and so the mucosa is thicker, aiding in the passage of feces. The thick layer of mucus protects intestinal walls from acids and gases released by bacteria.
| | | A) | endoplastic reticulum | | | B) | microtubules | | | C) | cytoplasm | | | D) | mitochondria | | | | | | Feedback: The cell's chemical processes take place in a semifluid material called the cytoplasm. This material provides an ideal environment for organelles because of its fluidity. | | 7 CORRECT | | This shows an example of endoplasmic reticulum. What is the significance of its structure? | | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place.
Instead of acting as a lubricant, the secretions plug up tubes, ducts and passageways, especially in the lungs and pancreas. (Retrieved from mayo clinic). The thick and sticky mucus can cause the lungs to clog and lead to life-threatening lung infections. In addition it can obstruct the pancreas and stop natural enzymes from helping the body break down and absorb food properly. In addition,
Fiber, also known as roughage, contains many properties that aid our digestion tract, and allow us to process waste products more efficiently. According to Nutrition.gov (2013) fiber can be found in many of our favorite foods including whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. There are two types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibers dissolve in water, and when digested, “form viscous solutions in the intestines” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006). “Fibers that cannot be digested by bacteria in the large intestines are called insoluble fibers because they do not dissolve in water.” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006) High fiber diets can produce many benefits, including higher nutrient absorption levels, and better waste output.
* teeth help in physical digestion by cutting the food into small pieces , chewing it and grinding it . * salivary glands secrete saliva which help in the chemical digestion of the food apart from making it wet . * tongue helps in mixing this broken food with saliva – which wets the food in our mouth so that it can be swallowed more easily . * saliva contains enzyme – salivary amylase which digests the starch present in the food into sugar . * because food remains in the mouth only for a short time , so the digestion of the food remains incomplete in the mouth .