According to the map, a seismic station in which city would be the first to detect seismic waves from an earthquake occurring in Mexico City? [pic] a. Chihuahua b. Houston c. Boulder [pic] d. Acapulco 12. Why does knowledge of Earth's interior come from seismic waves? [pic] a. They change speed and direction when they encounter different materials.
What do earthquake swarms indicate? (page 94, para 2 to page 95) Earthquake swarms indicate that new fractures were forming. Swarms can be used as an early indication that magma from a storage zone is being injected into the rifts were these new fractures are happening. 3. What is "summit deflation"?
Seismic shockwaves travelled from Awaji Island (the epicentre) along the Nojima Fault to the cities of Kobe and Osaka. This region is the second most populated and industrialized area after Tokyo, with a total population of about 10 million. The ground shook for only 20 seconds but in that short time around 5,000 people died, over 300,000 people became homeless and economic cost of about £100 billion was caused to roads, houses, factories and infrastructure. However Japan is known for its earthquakes proof structures. So why did so many people die?
The impacts created from an earthquake can come from the physical factors of the size, the location of the epicentre and the surrounding areas such as a ground type and the lithology of the rocks. However they can also be influenced by human factors such as land use of an area, population density of an area and the use of technology or the equipment a country have that can monitor the event. By this they can prepare or plan for such a disaster. In my essay I shall discuss how the impacts of the earthquake hazards aren’t always human factors and can vary with different events. I shall use examples of the Kobe Earthquake 1995, Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 and the Haiti Earthquake 2010.
This article was published only a few hours after the tsunami hit the coasts of the Indian Ocean on December 26. 2004. It contains the information that was known at that time. We didn’t know yet the exactly damage that the tsunami caused and that the number of people who died was a lot higher than we expected. Comparing to other newspapers is the Blick (where the article is from) a serious newspaper, so the information should be very reliable.
This is one of the oldest methods of knowing when ground deformation was caused because of rising lava. We also use electronic tilt meters, this is very similar to what a carpenter uses, it has a small container filled with a liquid and a bubble (to measure the change of the slope) There are different and varied sensitivity of tilt meters, for example; you can use tilt meters with ranges from 10 to 10,000 microradians depending on the volcano and range of tilt. “A bulge on the north flank, this was caused due to a blockage at the opening at the top of the volcano. The magma formed in a chamber on the side of the volcano and it was being pushed outward because the more magma was getting forced to the side. It increased by 7 ft a day.” Earthquakes You can predict when a volcano will erupt because you get earthquakes.
DEATH TOLL The earthquake caused 5100 deaths, mainly in Kobe. The Hanshin earthquake was the worst earthquake in Japan since the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, which is also called the Great Kanto earthquake. The Great Kanto earthquake claimed 140,000 lives. On the other hand, the Kobe region was thought to be fairly safe in terms of seismic activity. STRUCTURAL DAMAGE The cities of Kobe and Osaka are connected by an elevated highway.
2) The main reason because the effects of the earthquakes were so different in both cities is that, Japan and Haiti are two very different countries in relation to their economies. Japan is a world power, while Haiti is a developing country and one of the most poor ones in America. This really affects the situation because, Haiti wasn’t prepared for sush catastrophe, it didn’t had the appropriate infraestructure neither the appropriate hospitals to attend the injured. In a country as poor as Haiti, its logical to expect such damages. In addition, as Japan is a developed country, the buildings were more strong and the services were more appropriate to treat people.
These buildings were also constructed of rock rather than adobe that are in other parts of the country. In part of Sjoerd Nienhuys’ proposed project for reconstruction, he explains how the effects of an earthquake are exacerbated through the construction of a rock constructed house rather than an adobe house (Nienhuys,4 ). “ 1) Different earthquake force related to the distance from the epicentre. 2) The pinnacle position of the rock outcrop may have amplified the acceleration. 3) The softer adobe subsoil of the plain may have dampened the acceleration.
Be Informed Earthquakes can happen at any moment but you yourself can’t be to sure when they will. Although, you can always be ready in case one does decide to happen. Earthquakes happen when occurs in plate tectonics when they break or slip under another plate. Some stress occurs when the plate boundaries and faults move. Plate tectonics are in a stick-slip motion and can make some earthquakes that cause landslides, building damage, and liquefaction.