Nazi Totalitarian State

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To what extent was Germany a totalitarian state between 1933 and 1939? The Nazi state possessed elements of totalitarian power; however, it lacked dominance in Germany and was therefore not a totalitarian state. Totalitarianism refers to a system of government whose power is determined by terror and force over their state, and who controls all social, economic and political aspects of the state. Whilst the Nazi regime reflects some aspects of totalitarianism through its control over the media and the single party state, the Nazi state required the support of the German population to maintain its power. This highlights that the population was not terrorised into supporting the regime, but persuaded through manipulation by the Nazi government. Therefore, the Nazi state cannot be classified as a totalitarian state. The Nazi party’s removal of all other political parties during 1933 reflects aspects of a totalitarian regime; however, the Nazi state did not have complete political control in Germany. Theoretically, the Führerprinzip outlined a leadership hierarchy which culminated with Hitler as the dominant leader of the State and required supreme obedience to the Führer. However, this was not manifested in reality, in which Hitler maintained power through his Kommandogewalt and appeal to the German public. This is highlighted in Kershaw’s statement that Hitler’s “power was charismatic, not institutional”. Hitler’s self-appointed omnipotence was only feasible due to his popular support from the German Volk and not any leadership structure. Hitler’s capacity to control a totalitarian state was also undermined by the nature of his rise to power. The Hitler Myth, which depicts Hitler as Germany’s saviour from the “ruin” following World War 1 and the Treaty of Versailles, undermined his ability to lead the Nazi state through means of violence and terror because his power
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