Children’s friendship with others help them develop their emotional understanding, interaction, empathy and social skills. Children who lack friends tend to feel isolated, suffer insecurities and usually withdraw themselves more. They may struggle to communicate, share and understand the needs and feelings of others. As they grow older the insecurities may lead to self-hate and self-harm. They will also lack people to confide in or go to for advice Child neglect, often overlooked, is the most common form of child maltreatment.
Therefore, according to the latest studies of some organizations such as children protection, spanking can create physiological problems such as depression in a child. It makes parents believe that spanking children can harm their children. Spanking children is not a good way to discipline them because children can get some mental problems. For example, children who are usually spanked by their parents believe that they hate them, so children get depression because of spanking. Children can also get mental problems because of spanking such as killing themselves.
2.1 Describe with examples the kinds of young people’s development inclu influences that affect children andding: * Background * Health * Environment | Examples | Affect | BackgroundHealth Environment | Parents relationshipParents stylesReligion and cultureStep-familyPovertySiblingsIllness and diseaseNutritionProper RestHeredityStressSports and physical activity Noise OvercrowdingParents employmentFamily problems Neighbourhood | Parents that are going through a marriage breakdown, divorce and separation can be stressful for all involved particularly the children and young people. They could get very upset, could go very quiet, could stop eating and could even stop talking. Parents who think that education is not important have a negative input so they don’t encourage their children to get a good education. Parents with a lack of ability will not be able to help their children with their homework, this could be affect on their development.Children will be part of different ethnic background and cultures. Children’s belief may cause them emotional conflict when they want to participate in some physical activities which go against their family’s wishes or religious beliefs.
Sometimes this is learned behaviour from home and is hard for young children to understand that you are telling them it is not okay to call names because of someone’s skin colour or how they look . It is important to be consistent and reinforce that it’s not okay and it is very upsetting and hurtful. How would they feel if they were left out. We need to teach our children empathy from an early age and to respect each other regardless of race, age, gender, how we look, where were from. 2.2 Any form of prejudice and discrimination can have a severe negative effect throughout a person’s life.
Abstract Nature and nurture debate has become a big issue tackled since long decades up to present times because of many factors contributed to human development either through inherited genes or environment influences. In fact, after many researches and studies all conclude that we as human being are the product of not only of genes inheritance but by our environment factors as well. In the article "nature, nurture: not mutually exclusive” the psychologist, Robert Plomin, demonstrates that most human behaviors are directed by nature and nurture, he considers them to be two sides of one coin , and added that each participates a partial role in designing human behaviors and experiences. Accordingly, in his book Psychology, David G. Meyers states " our genetic predisposition help explain both our shared human nature and human diversity.” Besides, genes influence not only the behavior but the environment as well as , Thomas Bouchard in the article “Nature, nurture: not mutually exclusive” Says “twins and adoption studies have established that most traits and behaviors are partially influenced by genes”. He wanted to clarify that a solid interaction is cemented between nature and nurture when genetic factors affect the person's behavior, attitudes, experience and his life expectations as well.
Cultural deprivation means when children are deprived from things what they need. This can include the lack of values and support they get from their parents, which can influence on socialisation skills. It can be argued that due to lack of family structure, social cultural and soft skills pupils are less likely to underachieve. Cultural deprivation is a theory that many working-class children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture appropriate for a successful education. Many people argue that development is vital in the younger years in the child’s life, and the ability to solve problems and apply ideas help in the long-term.
Parents who don’t have active social life can affect the child behaviour in relation with others, in ability to make new friends, to cooperate and share. The parent’s alcohol and drugs dependence have a negative impact on the physical and emotional well-being of children and can cause home environments to become chaotic and unpredictable, leading to child maltreatment. Children tend to grow up and to be like their parents, children who live in homes where parents smoke, they are more likely to become
Brain development in early childhood can be affected by relationships, learning resources and stress. Relationships that are in the home, with friends and in the community that are affected by poverty tend to have increased conflict, violence and even isolation all of which affect brain development. Learning resources that stimulate the brain like books, educational toys, or daycare are limited in improvised families. Parents living in poverty also have high levels of stress in dealing with day to day situations and this stress is passed on to their children. All the factors negatively affects the stimulation in the brain needs that for healthy brain development.
For example, “The emotional responses of children who witness domestic violence may include fear, guilt, shame, sleep disturbances, sadness, depression, and anger (Domestic Violence Round Table, 2015).” It is evidently clear that children who come from abusive families may incur problems later in life as they establish and build personal and private relationships. For example, children that are exposed to their mother who is verbally, physically, or sexually abused may develop problematic relationships because of experienced aggression. This aggression may be taken out on peers, or even their own mother. When a child continuously is a witness in seeing their mother abused in any way, chances are they may display or express
According to Bernstein (2011) nurture refers to all environmental influence, after the birth of a child that affects development. Hence nurture can be called post natal factors that influence development of people. Lahey (2009) purports that genes and environment work together in a complex way to influence the psychological characteristics of children in what is known as gene environment correlation. Intelligence is an example of the relationship between genes and environment. Feldman (2009) believes that heredity defines people’s general level of intelligence setting an upper limit that regardless of the quality of environment, people cannot exceed.