Saviour children are selected base on their genetic makeup if their tissues are a match of the ill siblings. Is it right by creating a child to act as an organ-donating factory? How will the child feel having to be born just to lend spare parts when needed, they may feel unloved for being exploited. All children have a right to be cherished for themselves and not what they can do for others. The child's life can be controlled to turn them into someone they may not wish to be, by rights being abused.
c) Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development, influence current practice. There are many theories that have been proposed to describe and explain the course of human development, some may be of the opinion that they are wrong but they are also right in many ways. Jean Piaget - cognitive Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has four stages to it, the theory is about maturation (growing up) and the understanding a child has around them at different stages. Jean Piaget believed a child cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His theory relates to the points at which a child's thinking accelerates (18 months, 7 years and 11/12 years).
If you look at the teleological argument in the way that God created mankind because of their intricacy, you would view people sort of like machines. The theory of evolution proves that humans evolved from an ancestor species. Things evolve by mutation, the reason that people’s bodies are the way that they are is because over thousands of years; peoples bodies have adapted to their environment in order to survive. There are many things in a human body that are not perfect. If the teleological argument is correct in saying that God created humans like a machine, then you would expect humans to be perfect creations, but we are not.
It is believed the development has a biological process and this can be predicted over time. E.g. a child should be able to walk and talk at a given age. Nature Physical appearance Physical appearance is affected by our nature because our genes are what determine how we look. Our genes are inherited from our parents meaning that we tend to look like our parents and have the same or similar features from one or both of them.
Bowlby put forward the principle of monotropy, believing that the infant displays a strong innate tendency to form an attachment with one significant person, not necessarily, but usually the mother. (Gross, R. 2005). This was criticised by Rutter (1981), who claimed that the mother is not special in the way that the infant shows its attachment, as children will show a whole range of attachment behaviours towards a variety of people. Bowlby (1969), cited in Martin et al 2007 p. 546) claimed that the most important attachment behaviours are sucking, cuddling, looking, smiling and crying. According to Freud the newborn infant lives in a solipsistic world of ‘primary narcissism’ and experiences a build-up of tension with the need to suck the breast as an expression of his infantile sexuality.
The child responds to the influence of other people but is actively engaged in developing its own concept of its and others genders. Kohlberg argues that there are 3 stages through which children naturally progress as they get older and their cognitive abilities develop. Stages in the construction of gender are thought to be associated with wider stages in cognitive development. Between the ages of 2 and 3 occurs stage one, which Kohlberg named ‘gender labelling’ this is where a child recognises that he or she is a girl or boy. This is purely based on appearances; if the appearance was to change then the child would happily change the label too.
Infants are thought to first learn in terms of lines and angles and subsequently they put together these stimuli to form objects. Later on, children learn to infer object properties and how to interact with such objects. Another perspective suggests that perceptual understanding is innate, and that evolution enables infants to be born with these perceptual abilities to ensure survival of our species. In terms of pattern vision in newborn infants, empiricists suggest that infants have little to no pattern vision or attention to complex patterns during their first few weeks of birth because the need for visual learning. Along the same lines, the optimal complexity theory suggests that preferred complexity level starts with simple patterns in early weeks and later shifts to more complex patterns as information-processing capacity increases.
Swinburne counted this by claiming that the order in the universe does require an explanation. As some is not even necessary for human survival. Just because we are there to observe it does not make it less unlikely. However Charles Darwin formulated the theory of natural selection which provided an alternative explanation for the design of the world, without reference to creation by God. ‘Natural selection, the blind, unconscious, automatic process which Darwin discovered, and which we now know is the explanation for this existence and apparently purposeful form of all life, has no purpose in mind’ Richard Dawkins supports Darwinian evolution and rejects God.
They will have it easier in learning the new combinations of sounds at a young age that will make their speech skills come easier throughout therapy. I don’t agree with Harlan Lane’s article. The way he tells people they are wrong for getting a cochlear implant isn’t his place to say anything. I believe its freedom of choice to have this done or to have your children get this done. I also don’t agree with him saying cochlear implants wont work well for young children and there better off for “healthy adults.” I believe that is would probably be easier for children to learn how to use this cochlear implant as a tool because at those young ages they soak up all information they can receive, rather then adults who are sometimes stuck in their ways.
The debate over nature vs. nurture today focuses on what is an innate characteristic, occurring despite any outside influence, and what characteristics and traits are determined by our experiences and surroundings without a genetic cause. An example is intelligence. Is a person smart because they were born that way and genetically wired to be bright, or is it because intelligent parents raised him or her, went to quality schools, and given opportunities to learn? Conversely, if a person from a “good family” grows up to be a criminal, is it because they were hardwired to be that way, or some external influence that altered the personality traits of the individual? Traits like hair or eye color are known to be genetically linked, but behaviors, preferences and abilities are researched to see whether genetics or environment play a bigger role.