Nationalism in India Post Wwi

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By the last years of the 19th century the western educated minority of the colonized India had been organized politically for decades. The India nationalist movement pioneered the patterns of nationalists. Nationalism developed in India because of the similar educated and class backgrounds, this gave a sense of common Indian identity. British Rule generated social and economic disruptions and discontent that produced substantial numbers of recruits for nationalist campaigns. Indian political leaders increasingly stressed these inequities and the more general loss to Indian people because of the drainage of Indian resources. The short comings of British rule were well apparent by the last decades of the 19th century. There was a decline in food production that led to famines, food shortages, and outbreaks of epidemic disease. British measures to control these situations came too little and too late. Indian politicians were frustrated by the Britain refusal to honor wartime promises. Indian hopes for self government were raised by the Montagu Chelmsford reforms of 1919. This increased the power of Indian legislators. The Rowaltt Act placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press. These conditions fueled local protest immediately after the war. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a new leader who formed localized protest into a sustained all Indian campaign against policies of colonial overlords. Gandhi’s stress on non-violent but aggressive protest tactics endeared him both to moderates and to more radical elements within the nationalist movement. His advocacy of peaceful boycotts, strikes, non-cooperation and mass demonstrations proved an effective way of weakening British control while limiting opportunities for violent reprisals that would allow the British to use military strength. The success of Gandhi’s
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