Running head: OBERSAVATION THEORIES OF ERICKSON, PIAGET, AND VYGOTSKY Observation Theories of Erickson, Piaget, and Vygotsky Shakeitha Lewis Vista College Observation Theories of Erickson, Piaget, and Vygotsky I know that this observation is to observer a child, at this time I have no one to observe. However I will be able to give information on each theory. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development. He believed development occurs throughout the life span. His theory provided new insights into the formation of a healthy personality.
Moore also states that “Brown and Keeley define critical thinking as ‘reacting with systematic evaluation to what you have heard or read’ (2000, p.2).” (2010) According to Becoming a Master Student, Author Ellis says that “A psychologist named Benjamin Bloom named six levels of thinking. He called them a taxonomy of educational objectives- basically, a list of different goals for learning. Each level of thinking calls for asking and answering different kinds of questions.” (Ellis, 2015). There are 6 levels, however, it is only at the 5th level that “involves genuine critical thinking. At this level you agree with an idea, disagree with it, or suspend judgment until you get more information.
PYC2015/201/3/2010 PERSONALITY THEORIES Department of Psychology PAPER CODE: TUTORIAL LETTER: PYC2015 201/3/2010 2 PERSONALITY THEORIES PYC2015 TUTORIAL LETTER 201/3/2010 Dear Student In this tutorial letter, we will discuss the following: The answering of multiple-choice questions Feedback on Assignment 01 THE ANSWERING OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS We hope that the following will help you to answer the multiple-choice questions in this module. # Our aim in using the multiple-choice question approach is to examine how well you have understood the personality theories. While it is important for you to be able to study the facts of each theory and recall them in the exam, it is equally vital that you are able to understand what these facts mean. Hence you need to be able to apply your
Where thinkers value the principles and rules, feelers consider the people affected by the situation. J or P: Structuring This dimension refers to whether the preference is for being adaptable by keeping open to perceiving new information or getting organized and making quicker decisions. When a person follows explanations open-mindedly, for example, Perception (adaptability) is preferred. On the other hand, if one’s mind is rather quickly made up as to agreement or disagreement, then Judging (organization) is
The primary assumption it holds is based on individualism. The fundamental premises that the rational choice theory operates on affirm that the foundation of human behaviour is rational calculations. In addition, humans exhibit their rational side when acting upon making choices (Quackenbush 2004). This theory holds that humans are reasoning creatures that weigh the costs and benefits, together with means and ends, in order to make a rational choice. Further, it is important to note that the principal aim of these choices is to limit pain and optimize pleasure, together with profit.
It is the intent of this paper, through comparing and contrasting the two theories, to define a correlation between them and to determine their compatibility with social work ethics and practice. Theory Paper: A Comparison of Erikson’s and Piaget’s Theories Thesis Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist, theorized that all children undergo the same periods of cognitive development. This theory is called “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” and is largely used in the education of children. It is divided into four periods, to be explained below. Erik Erikson, a German developmental psychologist, expanded on Freud’s developmental model to create his own.
The term disposition refers to somebody’s beliefs, attitudes, and personality. When people attribute other people’s behaviour to external factors such as the immediate rewards and punishments in a social setting or social pressure, they are making a situational attribution. While making judgements about people’s behaviour, we tend to make errors. Attribution theory argues that people are more likely to explain another person’s actions by pointing to the dispositional factors, rather than to the situation. When people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in an individual’s behaviour and underestimate the situational factors, it is called the fundamental attribution error.
The answers are weighted with a percentage of preference to a characteristic in each of the four pairs of dichotomies and assigned a letter that corresponds; Extraverted = E, Introverted = I, Sensing = S, Intuition = N, Thinking = T, Feeling = F, Judging = J, and Perceiving = P. The result is one of 16 possible four letter acronyms representing the individual’s personality type. According to the results of my assessment, my personality type is INTJ. My degree of INTJ personality type is defined by a slight preference of introversion over extraversion (22%), a moderate preference of intuition over sensing (38%), a strong preference of thinking over feeling (88%), and a distinctive preference of judging over perceiving (67%) (Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test, 1998 - 2012). The assessment was very accurate in describing my personality type. I have had many people label me as a perfectionist, including myself.
Gardner Intelligence Paper Page 1 Gardner Intelligence Paper PSY/300 General Psychology By: Jamie Berthelette April 4, 2011 Instructor: Karin Detweiler Gardner Intelligence Paper Page 2 In the recent years, intelligence has come to be recognized as multifaceted, functional, and culturally defined. According to Kowalski and Westen (2009), “intelligence is the application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems, and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or culture” (Kowalski, 2009). As you read further into it, she or he will learn the different ways to intelligence, especially Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, as well as how those intelligences can change one’s life. There has been three different concepts over the years that have tried to describe intelligence. These types of concepts consist of the information-intake, the theory of multiple intelligences, and the psychometric approach.
With regard to this, David and Roger (1975) point out four learning abilities that individuals can possess and which determines the learning style(s) that such individuals posses. David Kolb came up with four different learning styles based on the experiential learning theory higher learning setting. This theory was based on concrete experience which emphasized on learning as interplay between an individual and the society. Learning accordingly, centers on an individuals feelings as well as identity constructions rather than logic. On the other hand, abstract conceptualization centered on logic and analytical thinking primarily generate of ideas and theories which is