* Understand a major therapeutic model of counselling: 1.1 Analyze the philosophy of one major therapeutic model to it’s * Origins * Historical Development to the present day * The people influential in its development The basic philosophy of the person centered approach is that (as Carl Rogers believed) “each person has sufficient innate resources to deal with effectively with whatever trauma, conflicts or dilemmas they are experiencing. This belief in the Strength and integrity of human beings is fundamental tenet of person-centered counselling. Even when an individual’s resources are latent or hidden, they are always acknowledged as being present and having potential for growth and development. He held the belief
Understand person centred approaches for care and support Person centred values is a theory developed by Carl Rogers that trusted the innate tendency (known as the actualising tendency) of human beings to find fulfilment of their personal potentials. An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of personal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with others and a desire to know and be known by other people. It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world and being creative and compassionate. It is important to work in a way that encourages person centred values so that a person feels free from threat, both physically and mentally. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who was very understanding, accepting and genuine.
The therapist is open and transparent to the client. If these core conditions are followed, the client will enabled to develop and grow in their own unique way to become the person they really are. by creating the correct environment and by showing and demonstrating the six core conditions allows the client to explore and express their thoughts and feelings without any fear of being
Counselling/ counselling ideas may help to cope with the challenges of ‘change’ ‘The more I am willing to be myself in all this complexity of life […] the more I am willing to understand and accept the realities in myself and in the other person […]” Rogers (1961). In order to tackle changes in a client’s life, it is important for the counsellor themselves to be self-aware and have an understanding of others’ values, beliefs and attitudes although they may conflict with their own. The counsellor is there to help the client adapt to these changes, helping clients to push out old information and take in new- this however is also an aspect of change which the counsellor has to help the client pursue whilst keeping ethical and professional boundaries. Changes are accompanied by strong emotions, both negative and positive and counselling is able to support the transition from one state to another. When looking at coping with change it is not possible to ignore some of the events which change our development, life events which cause significant change are called transitions (Jeffery, J in Aldridge, S & Rigby, S 2004).
The bottom line in this kind of assessment is to find out if the client would respond to more of an authoritarian approach or a gentle passive approach. There are other incites that are learned about the client here which help determine what kind of language it to be used wether that be colorful, flamboyant, descriptive, thought provoking and so on. Combinations of different choices of words and language are decided on the scoring system effectively tailoring the session for the individuals personality. I would agree that these steps are valuable in gaining the insite you need before venturing into a therapeutic session with a client. If PMR was attempted without any kind of background research on the client the outcome would most likely be unsuccessful or contrived.
Rogers also believed that people are inherently good and creative. However, he thought that people could become destructive when a poor self concept (how one sees oneself in comparison to others) or external constraints override the valuing process. Rogers thought that for a client to experience therapeutic change, certain conditions had to be present within the relationship. These conditions he called “The Core Conditions”, which were empathy, congruence (genuineness) and unconditional positive regard (respect). When Rogers talked about empathy, he meant the therapist should continually try to understand the client from their point of view (enter into their world to get a sense of how it feels)
The two main counselling approaches that will be discussed are Psychodynamic and Humanistic, including the theoretical principles that underpin both approaches. It is important to acknowledge that all counselling approaches agree that the core conditions are essential as the basis for any approach: incongruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy. The theoretical principles that define the Humanistic counselling approach is in essence a positive view of human nature and believes that humans have an inbuilt ability to develop and reach their full potential, and promotes personal growth. In order for a Humanistic approach to be successful then the quality of the relationship between the counsellor and client is of paramount importance, all the core conditions, warmth, empathy and congruence should be displayed by the counsellor. This approach encompasses the view that people are trustworthy, are unique as individuals and have their own realities.
The aim of Person centered counselling is to increase a person’s feelings of self-worth (self esteem) and reduce the incongruence they have when entering therapy, between the ideal and actual self, and help a person become a 'fully funchioning' person (Rogers 1963) reaching their full potential. Here the person is known as a “client” who is valued and respected as an individual and is not labled or diagnosed, it is non directive and allows the client to lead themselves towards development, to actively solve their own problems and at their own pace. It believes in conscious acts and helps to encourage people to think about their feelings and encourage responsibility for their actions in terms of values and lifes meanings, focusing on bringing feelings and emotions into the present and dealing with them. It focuses more on the here and now rather then the past, as this was seen as more useful. However the past is sometimes looked into, gaining insight into how it effects the present.
The psychological approach links to health practice. The humanistic approach is when you look at the individual as a whole and you put them at the heart of the centre. Counselling would be needed to boost the individuals self-esteem. The aim of the overall is to make the individual develop a positive self
Essentially, courage is strengthened with confidence in self and nothing can be achieved without courage. In my opinion, both empathy and sincerity are two of the most important qualities to have within a counselling relationship. Empathy can be defined as understanding a client’s problem from the client’s perspective and being in the client’s shoes and understanding the client’s frame of reference. Trust is built on the ability of the counsellor acknowledging what the client is saying by using empathic responses, e.g. The client says “I don’t know what is happening” with the counsellor responding “you seem to feel confused.