Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

3899 Words16 Pages
The Transformation of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt In the 20th Century, the politics of the Middle East have largely been shaped by the rise of Islamist groups. It would be nearly impossible to conduct a case study on any political institution without at least discussing the effects of these groups. This is especially true in Egypt, where one organization in particular has had a profound, long-term effect on the social, political, and religious culture of the country. In fact, one cannot discuss Egyptian society in the past one hundred years at all without paying close attention to the effects of this organization. The organization is the Society of the Muslim Brothers (Jam’iyyat al-Ikhwan a-Muslimun). The group’s rise from a humble group of six men gathering in a rented classroom to its current status as “one of the most powerful and resilient organizations representing Islamic fundamentalism in modern Egypt”1 as well as the nation’s preeminent social and political institution is nothing short of astonishing. But what makes the Muslim Brotherhood unique in this position? What factors have facilitated the organization’s sustainability? In reviewing the Brotherhood’s history and tactics, it is clear that it has been able to not only survive, but to grow and thrive, through a challenging strategy of a commitment to non-violence, policies of working within the existing system to push for change, efficient organization, and the broad appeal of its Islamic-based message. This essay will explain how this shrewd political strategy has allowed the organization to entrench itself in Egyptian society as well as outlive the last throes of the British presence and Egyptian monarchy, the revolution of the Free Officers and subsequent Nasser regime, the Sadat era, and finally its most recent success under Mubarak’s regime. I will make the case that as time has progressed,
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