Also the acquisition and inheritance of property. In Rome, they had basic distinctions between patricians and plebeians, and a middle class of merchants that grew during course of the empire. Paterfamilias where the male dominated the family, which goes into patriarchal. In the Gupta Empire, they had a social hierarchy based on caste membership, which strictly dictated ones occupation. On the other hand, in an earlier part of the time period, women had property rights.
Each shire was divided into hundreds, an area covering a dozen or so villages. The smallest unit of land was a hide and this was the measurement of productive agricultural land that was taxable. Each level of this hierarchy had its own mini leader. For example, each shire was managed by a sheriff and each sheriff was controlled by an earl. All parts of the Earldoms were controlled by the monarch.
(Points : 5) A budget that is developed for a single level of activity A budget that analyzes existing activities (and continuation of that activity must be justified and resources needed must be justified by each manager) A budget that is based solely on prior period information, adjusted for inflation A budget that is continuous or rolling Question 11.11. (TCO 5) Bug Company manufactures buggies. Manufacturing a buggy takes 20 units of wood and 1 unit of steel. Scheduled production of buggies for the next 2 months is 500 and 600 units, respectively. Beginning inventory is 4,000 units of wood and 30 units of steel.
Just like the dynasties of Classical China those empires differed from each other politically and religiously. The Mauryan Empire had the King with his own council as the center of politics. The King consulted the council before making certain decisions or changes in the government. The system was divided into various administrative departments that looked after various duties. Each department had its own hierarchal management structure – the result of the caste system supported by Hinduism.
It would take about seven days to cross if you were on a mount. He then divides everything into twenty-three territories called satraps. The satraps were ruled by local governors, and their most important duty was to collect taxes. He also uses a system of checks and balances to ensure internal stability, as well as a constant military presence, and spies everywhere to ensure external stability. Darius has an account of his success engraved into a side of a cliff in Persian, Akkadian, and Elamit, so it could be read by everyone.
Before the British acquired land the colonies were financed and established under jurisdiction of joint stock companies working under charters given by crowns. The colonies were established to meet demand for territorial expansion by the British in addition to pay off political and economic debts incurred in the struggle for colonization. Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, New York and New Jersey are some of the examples of these colonies (Kennedy, 1998). Self-governing colonies are ruled by a governor who is elected by the universal suffrage with normal control of the colony. The governor and other leaders have the right to make decisions without involving the colonial administration.
The satrap was appointed to his position by the emperor. Likewise, the emperor of Han China, Liu Bang, divided the large empire into administrative districts governed by officials who served at the emperor's pleasure. These government officials were handpicked by the emperor based on their loyalties. Another similarity that Han China and the Persian empire shared in their ruling techniques was their separation into dynastic periods. The Persian Empire, for example, began in the Achaemenid dynasty with Cyrus the Great.
In 1861, when the war was finally underway and all possible officers were called in for both the Union and the Confederacy, the Northern army had over nine-hundred officers while the Confederate army had less than three-hundred officers. The top officers in both the North and South had been trained at West Point in New York and though there were regional differences in terms of advantage, overall the top officers were arguably even. The Confederacy, however, as able to
Through their actions, power shifted from the Senate and republican institutions, to being militarily based and held in one individual’s hands. Whilst there are various causes of the decline of the Republic, the transference of power to individuals is regarded as a major cause. The most significant action of Marius’s career was his reform of the army which allowed for the concentration of military power to be held in a single individual’s hands. Although Marius took the step of widening military service to volunteers from all walks of life, this can be regarded as a culmination of a longer process of military recruitment reform. The result of this reform was the establishment of a professional army, not anxious for demobilization and with little regard for the cause they may be called to fight for.
THE SHEEPHERDERS PART 1 It is January 1, 1491, when two sheepherders, Deyonne and Isabel, sit in the high mountains of Chatele arguing their relative positions in life - an argument which has been going on for years. Deyonne says that he has 400 sheep, while Isabel has only 380 sheep. Therefore, Deyonne maintains, he is much better off. Isabel, on the other hand, argues that she has 30 acres of land, while Deyonne has only 20 acres; then too, Deyonne’s land was inherited, while Isabel had given 35 sheep for 20 acres of land 10 years ago. Last month she gave 40 sheep for 10 additional acres of land.