a. strain buildup only b. location of foci c. magnitude of P-waves [pic] d. reoccurrence rates of earthquakes in an area and the rate of strain buildup 2. What are most earthquakes associated with? a. rift valleys b. mid-ocean ridges c. divergent plate boundaries [pic] d. plate boundaries 3. At what point in the graph would a rock be permanently deformed? [pic] a. at the start of the stress [pic] b. past
J. Subbiondo © 2004The CrustThe outer layer of the Earth is called the crust. It is made up of rock that floated to the surface when the Earth was formed. It is not a continuous layer, but is made up of large masses called tectonic plates.These plates drift slowly across the Earth's surface (tectonic means moving).The movement of these plates creates mountains and valleys.At weak points in the crust, it causes volcanic eruptions. And when plates bump into each other, earthquakes occur -- emitting shock waves or vibrations called seismic waves. The crust is the Earth's coldest layer.
It increased by 7 ft a day.” Earthquakes You can predict when a volcano will erupt because you get earthquakes. This is because most volcanoes follow a regular pattern of increasing seismic activity as the eruption is about to take place, usually in the form of small earthquakes. Scientist use special equipment seismometers that tell and record earthquakes that happen underneath the volcano. Long period earthquakes- are beneath volcanoes and are believed that it is caused by magma moving through cracks that then shake the ground. Short period earthquakes- earthquakes under the volcanoes that is believed to be caused by rock breaking events Both types of
These volcanoes are caused by tectonic plates that make up part of the earths surface. Both of these countries are near the gaps, where magma can seep through, causing a volcano. These tectonic plates can cau`se earthquakes as well. Japan is located at the junction of 4 tectonic plates - the Pacific, Philippine, Eurasian and North American plates, making Japan the place that is known for earthquakes. Both Japan as well as Italy have water surrounding them either on most or all sides.
A risk assessment shows that the chances of a volcanic eruption in the next 10,000 years is 1 in 10, 0000 ("Volcanic hazard at," 2002). This region has had some volcanic activity within 12 miles of the Yucca Mountain. Some of the eruptions have caused some levels of magma. Because of the level of volcanic gases contained in the magma the eruptions have been explosive ("Volcanic hazard at," 2002). This could be a problem if an eruption was to take place at the Yucca Mountain or close by.
These include.... * The eruption had left destruction in its wake, it created a ‘Pyroclastic Flow’ or ‘Nuée ardente’ (Glowing Cloud). This is a cloud of volcanic debris, made up of solid, semi solid and hot, expanding gases. The cloud behaves like a liquid, flowing down the slope of the volcano. It can reach up to and above 100Km/h and so destroys everything in its path. The pyroclastic flow from Mt.
The epicenter is located directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. After the fault splits, seismic waves which are produced of energy are released in all different directions. (United States Geological Survey USGS) Seen to the left are the epicenter, focus, and seismic waves. Smaller earthquakes that occur in the same location before the larger earthquake are called foreshocks. Unfortunately scientists aren’t able to tell if an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake occurs.
The reason for the movement is convection currents originating in the core caused by radioactive decay. Knowing the theory of plate tectonics is a useful tool in understanding the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes as they correlate very closely. If we map out the location of major earth quakes, location of active volcanoes and a map of general plat tectonic, the 3 would overlap. This gives us a general idea of locations and correlations. Each boundary between 2 plates have the capability of being a different type of boundary.
When most people today picture a volcano, they have the same stereotypical view of what it looks like, and what it does. They probably imagine a funnel shaped landform where lava comes exploding out from the top. While this is a fairly accurate portrayal of a volcano, many people don’t know that there are actually several different ways in which volcanoes can be categorized. Based on a volcano’s shape, size, eruption type, and location, it is considered a member of three different volcano types. There are shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes.
This would explain why the island (thought to be due to a mud volcano) appeared off the coast of Pakistan this fall at about the same time as the large earthquake. Seismic waves of larger earthquakes are thought to trigger subsequent mud volcano eruptions up to a year after the event. The role the seismic waves play is not yet fully understood. Other tectonic activity, sedimentary loading due to rapid sedimentation, and continuous hydrocarbon accumulation are said to also control the occurrence of mud volcanoes. On a