This was only a temporary victory for the Bolsheviks as they lost support of the majority of the Russian population. In addition, he led the Reds in the Russian Civil War. The success of the Reds proved Lenin’s brilliant leadership. However, again, they lost a lot of support. Lenin had also ended the war with Germany by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
However, despite all of these accommodations, Mongol rule was exploitative and harsh. The Russian invasion began in a similar way to that of China, with ferocity and devastation. As the Mongols passed through a developing Russia, though, they deemed that it had little to offer, and they began to rule over it from the steppes. In Russia, although the Mongols ruled over Kievan Rus, their control was much less involved than in China. However, contrary to the total Mongolian occupation and authority over China,
The crushing of Russian’s military added movement to the 1905 Revolution, as it made the people of Russia aware of the weakness of their military, making many people become un-patriotic. They were losing to a nation very few had heard of and it was humiliating. However, many of the defeats to the Russian military occurred after the Revolution had started, not causing its outbreak, but merely adding to the opposition to autocratic rule by the Tsar and prolonging the Revolution. The Russo-Japanese War also brought about economic problems for Russia, and this therefore meant there was a significant lack of money to solve any other problems present Russia, hence partly being responsible for
He did not realise that, following Alexander II’s emancipation of the serfs in 1861, he could not return to a state of rigid autocracy when the serfs had already had some freedom. The reformist groups formed as a result of his errors, he fuelled the creation of them. He aggravated them by taking away many of their rights for example fees quadrupled to restrict entry to secondary and higher education and their previous ability to vote was made more difficult. The fact that they had been given a taste of liberalism by Alexander II was what made the Russian people more aware of the inconveniences of the Tsarist Regime; they began to lose their respect for him and one of the main problems he had on his name was
How successful was Chiang Kaishek as Nationalist leader of China? With the United Front of the Nationalist and Chinese Communist party ending in 1927and Chiang Kaishek breaking free of Russian control, consequently weakening the left- wing Nationalists, Chiang had anticipated that he would inherit Sun Yat-sen’s legacy leaving him as the bearer of the CCP and therefore leader of China. However, although Chiang had weakened the CCP he had failed to destroy them which we see to cause him major difficulties at Yanan later on. Chiang did consolidate power however, it came at a price and there were many problems in which he faced. Chiang was obsessed with the unification of China under the Nationalist government however, he underestimate the expense of trying to make this viable.
In contrast the Tsar weakened the Duma and a progressive bloc was formed. This suggests that the Tsar is vulnerable to revolution whereas the Communist rule is repressive and very few ever speak out against it. Economically the Civil War had the greatest impact in shaping the Russian Government policies. This is because War Communism was introduced and later fine tuned into the New Economic Policy. War Communism was radical and involved the militarisation of Labour which was disliked by the people and made people focus purely on the needs of the war.
Anonymous Person Mongol Essay Following the invasion of Mongols into Song China in 1260 CE, many aspects of traditional Chinese culture, such as the reordering of the social hierarchy and challenge to the Confucian way of thought, had been radically altered by the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The Mongol’s century-long interlude brought about many changes to China’s centuries-old social structure. Traditionally, artisans and merchants were looked down upon and placed at the bottom of the hierarchy simply because they conflicted with the Confucian way of thought with the aristocracy and the scholar-gentry resting at the top. When Kubilai Khan overtook the government, he promoted commerce and the arts, pushing the merchants and artisans to the top of the social structure, thus resulting in a loss of power for the scholar-gentry. His refusal, despite many Chinese officials’ futile efforts, to reinstate the examination system to administrative office, further weakened the scholars’ power by restraining their political involvement and keeping them below the Mongols in the social order.
The Reds controlled high industry areas which allowed them to stop the enemy receiving supplies as well as supplying the Bolshevik army with plenty of munitions. Another key point as to why the Reds won is that the army was controlled by Trotsky who organised it in a very strict, but effective way. The Whites however, were inefficient, lacked unity within their army and therefore fought as separate detachments; they lacked a true leader and were too dependent on supplies from abroad, which rarely arrived with sufficient quantities or in the right location. In short, the Whites were unlikely to ever destroy the Reds exceptional army due to their many weaknesses in comparison to the Reds strengths. Source A would agree with the idea that the Whites were weak, which is why the Reds won the civil war.
Some argue that ideological views and nationalist interests were the key factor however some dispute that the personal differences between the two leaders got to a point of no reconciliation. To make direct comparisons one must evaluate the situation before Khrushchev came into power. Mao had gained Communist control of China and turned to Russia for guidance which was led by the psychotic Stalin, so Stalin and Mao formed an alliance which was made official with the Sino-Soviet treaty which benefited the Chinese as they gained 300million (currency) from the treaty to build their country in the image of Russia. In return China was expected to aid Russia with military which was visible in the Korean War; however relations between Russia and China hit a minor stumbling block when Russia sent China an invoice for military aid provided for the Korean War which made Mao uneasy of the relationship to a degree. When Stalin died in 1953 Mao became disillusioned with the new leader Khrushchev within a few years due to the secret speech distancing Russia from Stalin and pursuing two anti-Stalin policies in destalinization and peace co-existence.
German defeat in the Great War was largely down to the incompetence and mistakes of the German Military Elite. The failure of the Schlieffen plan in 1914 can be accredited to these German leaders and also more importantly blamed for the failure in the First World War. Schlieffen, Chief of the German General Staff (1891-1906) devised what is known as the ‘Schlieffen plan’ in 1905 in response to the Anglo-French Entente Cordiale and the further negations this alliance began to have with the huge empire that was Russia. These new relations began to worry Germany and create fears of a combined attack on the country. Schlieffen’s plan aimed to counter a joint attack and then later in the Great War the Schlieffen Plan was used as a strategy to ensure a swift victory and avoid fighting two-fronted war.