Bureaucratic systems are orderly and made up of governing action, laws, and orders that hold back individuals such as the patron – client systems from making judgments’ without official consent. According to WeeKoh (2009) this is what is known as the red tape rule where formal documentations processed by administration before any significance can be made p. one The patron – client system associates are allowed to get external means, connections, and manage tasks without acceptance but the tasks has to be helpful to the system. Moreover, individuals associated in the bureaucratic system fault
The bureaucratic model operates like a cooperation that has CEO’s going downward to the labors. In the bureaucratic model they are hands on with illegal activities on a greater level and keep associates from an indiscriminate organization. Not like the patron-client model were they are not certainly connected to the individuals and create close associations. Accountabilities are mainly brought out in an uncongenial way and they keep a broad division of labor (Abadinsky, 2007). The commands come from the boss and are passed down to the second in command to put in effect the commands.
It is difficult to hold prosecutors accountable for acts of misconduct. Since prosecutors are often viewed as the “good guys” by the public, many times unethical, as well as illegal acts will be tolerated by the courts and criminal justice system as a whole. Prosecutorial misconduct is considered any action taken by the prosecutor in a criminal case that is against the law and/or unethical. Prosecutorial evidence can be anything from harassing witnesses on the stand, pressing unfounded charges against defendants, tampering with evidence, withholding evidence, up to taking bribes. Prosecutors can sometimes get away with misconduct as it is extremely difficult to prove that misconduct had actually taken place.
The results, of the crime control model are wrongful convictions, being over-turned and this is a major downfall in the criminal justice system. On the other hand the due process model is more concerned with the structure and the efficiency of the law. The due process focuses on evidences and facts in a case and ensures that a person in innocent until proven guilty in the court of law. In addition the due process model goal is the prevention and the elimination of crimes within the criminal justice
The responsibilities of an audit partner in an accounting firm is to review the accounting actions performed by their client and notify them of any corrections that are required. The CFO of a large public company should oversee all of the company’s finances so that it is steered in the right direction. The audit partners role is weighted heavier in that their responsibility is to the public, not just one company. If the CFO is unable to do his/her duties, then the audit partner should find and report those inaccuracies. The stress of the audit partner is tremendous and choosing that profession is one that I would prefer not to undertake.
Police have two types of perceptions of the police mission, either a crime fighter or public servant. Police perception of themselves as crime fighters leads to certain decisions in their use of force, definition of duty, and their use of deception. If one views police as crime fighters these assumptions may include; criminals are the enemy and are different from good people, the police are the arm that fights the enemy using any means to get the job done, good people accept and understand that police are in a war and must be allowed deference in their decision making because they are the experts and only they know the enemy. The book states the definition of public servants as “professionals who are paid by the public and whose jobs entail pursuing the public good. If one views police as public servants, other assumptions include; criminals are people too just like the rest of us they shop, pay taxes, and have a family, police have limited ability to affect crime rates because the history of law enforcement originates in order maintenance, not crime control, and lastly they assume that police as public servants serve all people, including criminals meaning to not judge on decisions about an individual not being able to receive services.
The way police handles combating crime and brutality most attempts to redeem police image would involve education for both public and the police on the effectiveness crime control measures. The police are subject to moral temptations that can affect the way a job is done, the temptations can outweigh their paycheck this is a difficult position for any officer. The police deals with major drug dealing, gang bangers even white collar
Law enforcement must understand that they are already at disadvantage when it comes to combating organized crime. Organized crime groups have access to finances that can allow for resources not available to law enforcement officials. There is also the advantage that organized crime has in numbers. Members of crime groups out number law enforcement officials. Organized crime can be compared to an ameba.
Autocratic leadership Is a more traditional and classical approach to management relying upon threats and punishment to influence its employees. – something which Beardwell and Holden (2001) would call a "hard" approach to leadership. This method, according to UT (2001) is effective for many reasons; • When there is limited time to make a decision • When there are new and untrained employees who do not know how to perform certain tasks • When effective supervision can be provided only by orders and instruction • When employees do not respond to other leadership styles • When work must be integrated with other departments Mintzberg (1979) described situations in which an autocratic style was most applicable. Entrepreneurial organisations are normally smaller businesses which develop from the ideas and entrepreneurial spirit of one person. This person is responsible for their organisation and makes all the decisions – the characteristics of an autocrat.
From a Marxist point of view laws are made by the state, which represent the interests of the ruling class. This argument forms the basis of a theory of widespread crime and selective law enforcement. This shows that crime will occur right the way through society, however poor criminals receive harsher treatment than rich criminals. Marxists tend to emphasise white collar and corporate crime, and pay less attention to blue collar variants. They emphasise that crimes of the upper class exert a greater economic toll on society than the crimes of ordinary people.