The first group is sexual offenders that commit crimes of sexual violence against adults. Some may give this group name of rapist. Surprisingly this is not the classification most of these sex offenders are in. The second class of offenders is criminals who commit crimes of sexual violence against children who are not within their family group of friends. These offenders usually choose their targets at random but may be have personal preferences like gender or size.
The intoxication model suggests that individuals will not use rational thought while intoxicated which leads to the addiction model which states that crimes are committed so the addict can support the habit (WSSAC,2009) The systemic model states that crime occurs when the participant of the drug trade sales the drug. For instance, the use of drugs influences criminal behavior while the distribution of illegal products is a crime. Last is legal model. In this model the individual choices to either abide by the laws that have been enacted to address drug use, possession, and distribution or the person can choice the path that breaks these laws. The war on drugs has become top priority for justice members.
Asses the usefulness of labelling as an approach to the study of crime and deviance In the study of crime and deviance, most approaches other than Marxists, suggest that there is a difference between those who offend and those who do not, and search for key factors that lead people to offend. However, there are a group of theorist who reject this idea and instead suggest that most people commit deviant and criminal acts, but only some people are caught and stigmatised for it. Although the labelling theory is quite prominent in the study of crime and deviance, there are endorsers and criticisers who both give valid accounts to why this theory should be, or not be taken as a valid theory. Labelling theory suggests that deviancy is a social process usually related to power differences but it doesn't explain the causes of crime. It does however explain why some people or actions are described as deviant, and can help in understanding crime and deviance.
Christina Grimes November 11, 2008 English Composition 120 Mrs. D. Tatum Paper #2 Cause/Effect Crack Cocaine: The Harmful Effects The use of crack cocaine, an extremely addictive and potentially deadly drug, results in many negative effects. Whether using or experimenting with crack cocaine, very seldom do people understand the severity of the drug, or realize the effects that causes dramatic changes in their life. When broken into two main categories crack cocaine has short and long-term effects. The effects of using crack cocaine enables detrimental, emotional, and mental aspects of a drug user’s life. Like most other illicit drugs, crack cocaine remains extremely insidious, because even with the possibility of death, drug addicts continue to use without caution.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Armed Forces Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to the American Psychiatric Association is a behavioral disorder that can occur following a psychologically distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience and is usually experienced with intense fear, terror and helplessness. Cases of PTSD in the past was said to only happen in rape victims, children of abuse, wives who have been beaten , firefighters and police officers who had experienced a traumatic event. PTSD is a real psychological issue that affects the mental, physical and emotional persona of everyone who has experienced a traumatic event. This includes our Military personnel who experience traumatic events daily.
Criminal Justice System Paper CJA/204 Criminal Justice System Paper The criminal justice system is complex with all the different components and processes that make it up. The justice system is not perfect in how it handles every case when officials have their own self interests involved in the cases, but justice will prevail when the truth comes to light. There are three components that make up the criminal justice system and they are the police, courts, and corrections system [ (Schmallager, 2009) ]. The system begins with a crime or discovery of a crime. According to [ (Schmallager, 2009) ]”a crime is a violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or local jurisdiction, for which there is no acceptable legal justification or excuse”.
He has composed a test to measure different aspects of a persons character. He refers to 3 main characteristics, Neurotosism refers to how emotionally unstable a person is. Extroversion how outgoing you are and psychosism is a measure of criminal tendencies. The following characteristics are associated with each one, neurotosism; emotionally unstable, extroversion; requiring great deal of external stimulation and psychotosism referring to being cold, uncaring and agree dive, highly likely to engage in criminal activity. Eyesneck conducted his own research on prisoners and concluded that being high in any 3 can lead to criminal activity but more so neurotosism and psychosism.
There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals. (New texts pg 138) which highlights the problems in defining crime or deviance. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE Many believe crime and deviance has developed on separate tracks over the years as criminologist serve only for legality, crime and crime-related phenomena. The study of deviance however serves for a wider range of behaviours that are not necessarily illegal for example suicide, alcoholism, homosexuality, mentally disordered behaviours. (Bader et al) The main difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been broken whereas a crime is where a formal and social norm is broken.
There have been several sociological and criminological theories that stress that most violent criminals are impulsive and have a lack of empathy for others. Within Psychological there are several sub theories such as Behavioral Theories, Personality Theories, and Cognitive Theories just to name a few. In Volume 5, Chapter 2 of Review of the Roots of Youth Violence, it states that Sigmund Freud “thought that human behavior, including violent behavior, was the product of “unconscious” forces operating within a person’s mind. Freud also felt that early childhood experiences had a profound impact on adolescent and adult behavior” A lot of Freud’s research is what a lot of the ideas and theories we know today are based off of. Behavioral Theories Behaviorist John Watson once said "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might
A victim of rape (primary victimisation), for example, may be subjected to victim blaming and ostracism as the result of the attack; those who become disabled (primary victimisation) may be subjected to non-accommodation, medicalization, and segregation; and those who develop mental disorder (primary victimisation) may be subject to institutionalisation, that in each case may be far more victimising to these individuals and limiting of their life opportunity than the primary victimising stigmatic condition itself, and are thus called secondary victimisation. The disregards of victims’ needs following a crime against them can sometimes be so traumatic that it is called the “second rape” (in the case of rape) or “second assault”. Victims will feel let down and isolated by the criminal justice body, the medical body and any other institution that is meant to help them, but instead causes the victim in certain cases to start believing that it was in fact their fault or that they had a hand in causing the crime. During the court process, secondary victimisation takes place at various levels. Examples of this are where the victim is not afforded private waiting or report-taking facilities.