P values were only cited in some of the results. Also, what may occur in clinically in mice may not always translate to what may occur in humans. Dectin-1 -/- mice showed to have significantly increased mortality rates with exposure to A. fumigatus because they cannot effectively clear the fungus from the body. Some factors that Dectin-1 -/- mice have include compromised neutrophil, cytokine, chemokine and IL-7 production. As a result of this study, a signaling PRR has been identified that is essential for host defense against A. fumigatus in an immunocompetent
Nutritional Medicine “To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art.” (La Rochefoucauld, http://www.naturalhealers.com/qa/nutrition-history.html) Nutritional medicine is the study of food as medicine. It encompasses and collaborates with findings and discoveries in modern science and human biology to understand the impact good food and nutrition can have on the body in both a preventative and recuperative sense. Again, Hippocrates was the original founder of the power of food and it’s medicinal qualities for health and wellness. A British Navy physician, Dr. James Lind experimented with different food groups and their effect on disease manifestation. Many developments over the last 200 years have led to underline the fact that certain foods (and food chemistry) were linked to good health.
The narcotic agonist act at specific opioid receptor sites in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense of well-being. They also are used as antitussives and as adjuncts to general anesthesia to produce rapid analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression. Indications for narcotic agonists include relief of severe acute or chronic pain, preoperative medication, analgesia during anesthesia, and specific individual indications, depending on the receptor affinity (p. 409). Narcotic agonists are contraindicated in the following conditions: presence of known allergy to any narcotic agonist to avoid hypersensitivity reactions; diarrhea caused by toxic poisons because depression of GI activity could lead to increased absorption and toxicity; and after biliary surgery or surgical anastomoses because of the adverse effects associated with slowed GI activity
Kaptchuk wonders to what extend, if at all, Western medicine can take advantage of the placebo effect to improve treatment. Whats the big idea? For decades, the medical establishment has treated all placebo effects equally but Kaptchuk's studies show the importance of how fake treatments are administered. What has become most clear is that, despite the emphasis Western medicine places on material and chemical changes, medicine is a ritualistic event. Beyond the science of pharmaceuticals is the science of care, a role which encompasses how pills affect our physiology.
In traditional pharmacognosy, the solvents commonly used in extraction of plant components include water, ethanol and palm kernel oil, though water is being regarded as the most extractive solvent (Musa et al., 2011). The acceptance now of herbal or traditional medicine into healthcare delivery and the development of resistance to commercial synthetic antibiotics have led to widespread investigation into the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants (Bisignano et al ., 1996; Hammer et al., 1999). There is therefore a need to study the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus amarus used in Nigeria for the traditional treatment of wound
and was entitled “Radical Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis”. Here, they provided a comprehensive overview on the “(sub)cellular origin of ROS during neuro-inflammation as well as the detrimental effects of ROS in processing underlying MS lesion development and persistence” (141). In addition, they discussed clinical and experimental studies highlighting the therapeutic potential of antioxidant protection in the pathogenesis of MS. They told about how despite the promising results that were observed in the animal studies, the data was still limited (143). This article was one that I really found interesting.
CRITICAL THINKING Week 7 Assignment Tuesday, May 18, 2010 By: XXXXX The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana In 1839, W.B. O'Shaughnessy of the Medical College of Calcutta noted that the use of cannabis offered relief from an array of various aliments in traditional Indian culture. The main effects that cannabis offered came in the form of an analgesic and sleep inducer. As the early 1900’s evolved, cannabis was noted to provide patients relief from several disorders such as (but not limited to) asthma, muscle spasms, insomnia, migraines and even labor pains. In the 1970’s, cannabis was discovered to relieve the side effects of cancer treatments.
Two adequate and well-controlled studies in cancer pain compared graded doses of oral 9-THC to placebo, and one of these included graded doses of codeine as a control. Although there was evidence of analgesic efficacy, the studies indicate there is a narrow therapeutic margin between the doses that produce useful analgesia and those producing unacceptable adverse CNS
[1] This herb is traditionally believed to be an immunostimulator, stimulating the body’s immune system and warding off infections. It is also less commonly used as a laxative. Echinacea was one of the basic antimicrobial herbs from the mid-19th century through the early 20th century. Its use was documented for snakebite, anthrax, and for relief of pain. In the 1930s echinacea became popular in both Europe and America as an herbal medicine.
Regarded as a general panacea and health tonic, anti stress agent as well as a potent restorative. (Reid, 1995,p.126) Ginseng has been recorded in writings as far back as the Han Dynasty 202BC where the Chinese were aware of ginseng’s medicinal usage. (TCM history Han Dynasty, 2013) The herb is native to North East China, Manchuria, Korea and Siberia. (Reid 1995 p.126) The Chinese name for ginseng translates to ‘ren-shen’ meaning ‘man-root’ as the root itself resembles the legs of a man. (Heffron 2012 p.67) Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used and highly researched species of ginseng.