These processes are also known as cold working. In our lab, we showed how cold working will increase the strength of a metal material by inducing plastic deformation on a steel sample and an aluminum sample using an MTI tensile testing machine. INTRODUCTION Work Hardening Work hardening is defined as the phenomenon that occurs when a metal is strained beyond the yield point. Increasing stress is required to produce additional plastic deformation causing the metal to become stronger and more difficult to deform. If true stress is plotted against true strain, the rate of strain hardening tends to become almost uniform, that is, the curve becomes almost a straight line [2].
Newton’s Second Law Lab Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationships between mass, force and acceleration as well as to prove Newton’s second law Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between acceleration and mass; as the value of the mass increased the acceleration decreased. As well it is hypothesized that there would be a direct relationship between the net force and acceleration; as the net force increases the acceleration increases as well. Materials & Method: The materials that were required to do the experiment were a metre stick; its purpose was to measure the amount of string that is going to be used to drag the cart. Next equipment needed for the lab was a dynamic cart; it was going to be dragged by the string with a mass on the other end and will find relationships between these two. Also string (about 75cm) was needed in this experiment which would help pull the cart with the help of the masses that were used.
We then collected the data and analyzed the sine graph and the different portions of it and what they meant including the parameters and taking proper data. We took the best fitting data according to the computer and recorded it into table 1. We then used and derived calculations from our lab manual theory section to compare our results to a given spring constant of 20 N/m. The equations that were derived and examples are labeled below in the data section and show that our experiment was performed adequately as our data was off by sub ten percent error which can easily be corrected with better equipment and environment. Human error was also a factor in this experiment as we had to wind the machine ourselves in order to produce the oscillation.
5. Compute a linear least-squares-fit of the calibration data and plot the resulting line on the same graph as the calibration data. Comment on the linearity of the pressure transducer and scannivalve. Part 3: Calibration of the Tunnel 1. Connect the micromanometer (calibrated in Part 2) across the wind-tunnel contraction in order to measure the static pressure drop.
Fist name, last name Physics ### Lab: Rotational Equilibrium The purpose of this lab was to analyze the physical effects of torques on an object and all the factors that can influence the magnitude of its strength and force. In lecture, we learned that although the magnitude of the force can have a strong effect on the rotational velocity of an object, the location or displacement of that force can have an enormous impact on the force’s effectiveness to do work. In this experiment, we saw, first hand, how a small force can have as much of a dramatic impact on an object as a larger force if the displacement is right. The goal of this experiment was to balance a meter stick at its center of gravity using different weights on opposite ends of the stick. Making the left side our positive direction, and our right, the negative direction was essential in proving algebraically, the results of the experiment.
1 of 22 Investigation of Deflection of a Cantilever vs. Length of a Cantilever Research Question How does the length of a cantilever affect the deflection of that cantilever when loaded with a constant mass? Introduction The purpose of this lab is to investigate the deflection of a cantilever. In this investigation, I chose to measure the effect of the length of a cantilever on its deflection when loaded with a constant mass because I knew from prior experience that there was some relationship between the two variables. The objective of this investigation is therefore to establish a relationship between the length of a cantilever and its deflection in the aforementioned situation, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.
The spring represents the elastic components of the muscle and obeys Hook’s law : F=k*x but in terms of stress the equation turns into : σ=Ε*ε where σ: applied stress, E:Young's Modulus of the material ε: strain. The dashpot represents the viscous components of the muscle and is expressed in differential form by Newton’s law for straight,parallel and uniform flow: σ=η* where η: viscosity and :change of rate of strain (velocity). The important equations that are used in this model are: F=F1+F0 where F0=k0*u and F1=η1*u1=k1*u1’ u=u1+u1’ After long calculations we finally take the differential equation of motion for a standard linear solid: The equation contains F, df/dt ,u ,du/dt functions as well as k0,k1,η constants and is impossible to solve as they are all unknown. For that reason we will use the experimental data from Bobsbooms given paper that will help understand how our functions are supposed to behave during the experiment and thus be able to extract some data and some important initial and boundary conditions, necessary for our model to work. From the Bobsbooms paper ‘Passive transverse mechanical properties of skeletal muscle in compression’ we are supposed to take the ramp and hold data (u versus t graph) and fit it in our model,expecting that our F versus t
Lab 7: “Newton’s Second Law” Newton’s Second Law Purpose: To find the graphical and mathematical relationship between the Net forces applied to an object, its mass and acceleration. Variables: Independent: -Hanging mass Dependent: -Acceleration -Force pulling on cart Materials: * * Dynamic Cart with pegs * Force Sensor * Motion Detector * Computer with Logger Pro * Lab Pro * Ramp with Pulley * Mass Sets * String Procedure: 1. Assemble the Ramp and pulley system as shown. Attach proper length of String to the Force Sensor, and add a loop at the opposite end for attachment of various weights. 2.
There are level of statistical methods, however, that break-down such data even further with specific formulas and intends behind them—one of them being an even easier way summarize the research in order to conclude it. The two main statistical methods use within psychological research are descriptive and inferential statistics. These methods can be presented in different forms—depending upon the level of information required to summarize. “Statistics is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the organization, analysis, and interpretation of a group of numbers” (Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Coups, E. 2009). Statistics are a method of finding the truth and psychologist use statistical methods to help them make sense of the numbers that collect during their experiments and research and is the essence of human evolution and psychology of science.
(in.) 0.3120 +0.005 0.3615 +0.005 0.5505 +0.005 Reduction of area (%) 45.74+0.1 58.63+0.1 48.25+0.1 1 Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to extract data on the material properties of three “505” specimens (SAE 2011-T-3 aluminum, 1081 hot rolled steel, and PVC plastic), using a mechanically driven universal testing machine (UTM). These material properties include the following: the elastic modulus, 0.2% offset yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of resilience, as well as true strain and true stress at the point of rupture. Theory: Certain materials (those that are linear, homogeneous, elastic, and