Margaret Meed Warfare

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Tammi Cappelletty Instructor: Dr. David Hawes English 112 September 5, 2013 Margaret Mead Summary Paper Warfare: An Invention-Not a Biological Necessity is an essay written by Margaret Mead based on her view of how war was created. Margaret believes that war was invented by man based on aggression. She believes this is a learned behavior, something that is seen, studied and repeated. She claims that, “warfare of this sort is an invention like any other inventions in terms of which we order our lives, such as writing, marriage, cooking our food instead of eating it raw, trial by jury, or burial of the dead and son on.” She goes on to explain in her essay how, “there are peoples even today who have no warfare.” She uses the Eskimos as an example and states they are probably the most conspicuous examples because they don’t understand war, not even in a defensive manner yet, they are some of the most troublesome people on our continent. According to Mead, in Alaska there are fights, cannibalism, thefts of wives and the list goes on. These are things that would make most people want to fight but they don’t because they don’t know of warfare. On the other hand, she talks about less developed regions of the world like the Andaman Islands. These people live in tiny hordes and they have armies of maybe 15 men who will fight and fight to kill. They have been educated on warfare, studied it and acted on it. Throughout this essay it becomes apparent to her that no matter how tame some people may be, “they may limit themselves to defensive warfare, but they will be forced to think in terms of war because there are peoples near them who have warfare as a pattern, and offensive, raiding, pillaging warfare at that. When the pattern of warfare is known, people like the Pueblo Indians will defend themselves, taking advantage of their natural defences and no idea of warfare,
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