a. True b. False (1-3) Forms of organization 3. F M Answer: b EASY A disadvantage of the corporate form of organization is that corporate stockholders are more exposed to personal liabilities in the event of bankruptcy than are investors in a typical partnership. a.
Proprietorship has three important advantages: it is easily and inexpensively formed; its subject to few government regulations and; its income is not subject to corporate taxation but is taxed as a part of the proprietor’s income. Limitations include: difficulty obtaining capital needed for growth; having an unlimited personal liability for business debts can result in losses that exceed the money invested in the company and; life of a proprietorship is limited to life of its founder. For these reasons sole proprietorship is used mainly for small businesses. A partnership exists when there are two or more persons or entities associate to conduct non-corporate business for profit. Partnership agreements define the ways that any profits and losses are shared between partners.
Another advantage of a partnership is the flexibility that they offer. In partnership agreements, the partners are free to set their responsibilities and benefits as they would like or as the needs of the business dictate. The structure of the organization and the distribution of profits and losses are much more flexible in a partnership than they are in a corporation. Because of this, an individual partner can be rewarded with higher profits for taking on more financial risk. Typically, corporations distribute dividends evenly according to the percentages of stock held by each stock holder.
a. Companies’ production opportunities decline, leading to a decline in the demand for funds. b. Households save a larger portion of their income. c. Households increase the amount of money they borrow from their local banks. d. Statements a and b are correct.
For this, you must have expertise in finance. b. Describe the organizational forms a company might have as it evolves from a start-up to a major corporation. List the advantages and disadvantages of each form. | Advantage | Disadvantage | Sole proprietorship: | -easily and inexpensively formed-subject to few government regulations-income not subject to corporate taxation | -difficult to obtain capital needed for growth-unlimited personal liability-life of proprietorship limited to life of founder | Partnership: | -easily and inexpensively formed-subject to few government regulations-income not subject to corporate taxation | -difficult to obtain capital needed for growth-unlimited personal liability-life of proprietorship limited to life of founder | Corporation | -unlimited life-easy transferability of ownership interest-limited liability | -corporate earnings may be subject to double taxation- more complex and time- consuming than creating a proprietorship or a partnership | c. How do corporations go public and continue to grow?
If markets for Apogee's goods and services exist in multiple locations, having one office hardly makes sense. Multiple offices should be opened to increase profit. The author could do a couple of things to make this argument stronger. For example, there is no evidence that shows the profitability of all the field offices is declining. There is also no evidence that shows the marketability of the field offices.
b. Two key advantages of the corporate form over other forms of business organization are unlimited liability and limited life. c. A corporation is a legal entity that is generally created by a state; its life and existence is separate from the lives of its individual owners and managers. d. Limited liability of its stockholders is an advantage of the corporate form of organization, but corporations have more trouble raising money in financial markets because of the complexity of this form of organization. e. Although its stockholders are insulated by limited legal liability, the corporation's legal status does not protect the firm's managers in the same way; i.e., bondholders can sue its managers if the firm defaults on its debt, even if the default is the result of poor economic conditions.
DFA roughly believed in efficient market theory. They believed that the high return of small stocks and value stocks come from high risk which matched the efficient market theory. Moreover, they would not do any fundamental analysis of the firm in question. (p6) At the same time, however, they did some adjustments based on other two principles, sound academic researches and skilled traders, to get rid of those not matching the theory. For example, they did not purchase those stocks with inside trade information.
As the retailers incur virtually no costs by changing suppliers it is easy for them to play them against each other to get better terms. This negative effect is heightened by high supplier volume. As discount retailers account for a large percentage of their revenue, suppliers don’t have strong negotiating power. Power of Buyers – Low-Medium Purchases are not a large part of total income which
The policy of reducing debt made MC leave the company with just $36 million cash which was well under the number of 1990 ($283 million cash ). MC’s stock prices fell more than two-thirds from $33.38 in 1989 to $10.50 in 1990, resulting in a drop of $2 billion in market capitalization; even if in 1991 it went up to $16.50. Another consequence was an important decrease of Times interest earned from 2.6 in 1989 to 1.4 in 1990 and 1.5 in 1991 which triggered a depreciation of bond rating from A3 in 1989 to Baa3 in 1991 quite close to junk bonds. For the future this is a strong signal of the MC financial crisis situation. Most liquidity and solvency indicators show that the group would have not been unable to cover its current obligations/liabilities and was close to bankruptcy.