Lumbar Puncture Essay

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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. While the primary function of Cerebrospinal Fluid is to cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal Fluid also circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood and removes waste products from the brain. Examining the fluid can be useful in diagnosing many diseases of the nervous system. Today the actual CSF can be obtained by performing a lumbar puncture procedure to extract the fluid from the lower part of the spine. (Agamanolis, 2008, Ch. 14) Walter Essex Wynter (1860-1945) who was educated at Epsom College in Surrey England and also as a Physician at Middlesex Hospital both in London, England in 1901 was the first to indicate the idea of extracting the CSF fluid to relieve pressure to treat four medical cases. (Pearce, 2003, p.202) He wrote a Lancet paper describing his cases. Case one being a three year old boy who was treated in 1889 for Meningitis with and ear infection that followed, in 1890 case two being an eleven year old girl, case three being a two year old boy, and case four being a 13 month old girl who were all treated for Tuberculous. Wynter made a small incision at the lower lumbar section of the spine (L2) downwards and inserted a rubber drainage tube called Southey to withdraw the infected fluid and relieve the intense pressure. The procedure did relieve pressure and allow for short-lived relief but the tube allowed for to much fluid to be withdrawn and all four patients died. (Pearce, 2003, p.203) Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke (1842-1922) who studied medicine in Berlin, Wurzburg, and Heidelberg, Germany became a medical doctor in 1863. Quincke studied the CSF in dogs and rabbits where he injected a red fluid mercury in the Subarachnoid space to demonstrate the flow or

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